The use of membrane technologies in industry is considered. The membrane apparatus with the removal of the diffusion boundary layer is evaluated. The methods of mathematical modeling are analyzed, allowing to describe membrane processes. A modeling technique based on transfer functions that takes into account the influence of the most significant disturbing effects on the object under study is developed, and a transfer function in general is proposed. The methods of calculation of membrane installations of periodic and continuous action of various types are presented. The developed methodology and its software implementation optimizes the calculations of the main performance indicators of membrane equipment and allows you to determine a rational hardware layout diagram of membrane devices in order to maximize the extraction of target components from raw materials and reduce its content in the wastewater of the enterprise.

The results of field studies on the selection of the best way to clean the supply air from carbon monoxide(II) in urban buildings are presented. A pilot plant has been developed to clean the supply air in the outer wall of the building using various sorbents, chemisorbent. Various methods for purifying supply air have been investigated. The isotherms of adsorption of carbon monoxide(II) on activated carbon, shungite, zeolite for calculating the volume of purified gas at constant air temperature were constructed according to the Freundlich equation, and empirical dependences of the concentration of carbon monoxide(II) on time were obtained using various options for purification of the supply air. The research results showed that the best sorbent for cleaning the outside air of carbon monoxide(II) is shungite + silica gel + manganese dioxide + zeolite, the cleaning efficiency was 95.35 %, and the second most effective sorbent for cleaning was the shungite from Karelian field – 86.5 %. The results can be used to clean the internal air of buildings with plenum valves along the height of the facade.

Lithium-ion current sources in a ball mill and comparing this energy with the binding energies of lithium ions with various metals of a cathode material for mechanochemical destruction. The binding energies of lithium ions in various lithium-containing compounds are shown. The calculation of the technological and design parameters of the ball mill to determine the magnitude of the energy of the collision of the grinding bodies and the grinded material. The graphic dependences are given, allowing to reveal the influence of the ratio of the diameter of the balls and their number on the process of mechanochemical destruction.

Studies have been carried out to obtain combined biopreparats obtained on the basis of sewage sludge (WWS) and activated carbon (AC) from plant materials for cleaning soils from contaminants with herbicides. The content of organic matter in the settled sludge is 57.3 %. The organic matter of sewage sludge activates its enzymatic activity. Catalase activity in samples treated with combined sorbents, 2.5 to 2.9 times higher than in control soil samples. The combined use of WWS and activated carbons from plant residues significantly accelerates the decomposition of the herbicide. The presence of WWS increases the efficiency of detoxification of the herbicide (active substance metsulfuron-methyl) with active carbons by 1.7 times.

The granulometric characteristics of the precipitate were investigated, and the chemical composition of the solution for complex processing of iron-nickel concentrate was established. The filtering process was carried out using a model of a chamber and chamber-membrane filter press. Separation of the suspension was implemented using chambers with a depth of 10 and 20 mm. It was established that washing is possible only with the use of a weak HCl solution due to the need to inhibit the development of hydrolysis of iron salts in the pores of the sediment. A scheme for optimizing the water balance of the washing process is proposed. Initial data are formulated for designing a filtration section of a complex processing plant for iron-nickel concentrate. Criteria for process automation are defined.

One of the most promising areas of disposal of drill cuttings is their use as a component for the manufacture of mixtures used for the construction of engineering structures, such as road foundations. One of the limitations of the disposal of drill cuttings in this direction is the presence of alkaline components in the slimes, which worsen the physicomechanical characteristics of the mixtures obtained and create the threat of negative environmental impacts. In this article, the authors studied the dynamics of changes in the pH of the slurry sludge-water, and also conducted experiments to study the effects of additions of hydrochloric acid and acid soil stabilizer Polybond. It was established that the buffering capacity of the solid phase of drill cuttings in relation to maintaining pH at a level exceeding the value of 9 is low, and maintaining pH = 6÷8 units. is high. This fact suggests that when obtaining road-building mixtures based on drill cuttings, it is possible to do with small additions of acid soil stabilizer, at the same time the risk of obtaining products with unacceptably low pH values is negligible. The use of acid soil stabilizer in the manufacture of road-building materials based on drilling sludge helps ensure environmental safety of products, as well as improve the physical and mechanical properties of the material.

The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of highly concentrated fat-containing wastes of the food industry are given. The aggregate states of the presence of fat in wastewater are discussed, which determine the composition of treatment facilities in the technological scheme for the deep treatment of fat-containing effluents. The basic classical methods of wastewater treatment from fat are analyzed: mechanical, physicochemical (air flotation, electroflotation), as well as the method of deep wastewater treatment - biological treatment. It is shown that the traditional technological scheme of wastewater treatment from excessively high fat content does not ensure the quality of treated effluents to regulatory requirements. The prospects of anaerobic-aerobic technology for cleaning wastewater from food industry enterprises from excessively high fat concentrations as a method of deep post-treatment are discussed. The conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of the combined technology for wastewater treatment with an excessively high fat content, based on the use of physicochemical methods (air flotation, electroflotation) and biological treatment (anaerobic-aerobic method).

The quality of the water and bottom sediments of the Rybinsk Reservoir, on the adjacent territory of which the Cherepovetskiy Metallurgical Plant PJSC “Severstal” is located, which has an adverse effect on the state of the water body is investigated. The pollution of water and bottom sediments by the metallurgical plant in the northern part of the Rybinsk reservoir was assessed in connection with the planned construction of a pulp and paper mill (PPM) at the site of the study.

An approach is proposed and justified for the effective planned management of environmental safety in an urbanized area at the local level based on the level of territorial environmental risk. Using probabilistic approaches and based on the phased application of intelligent algorithms, a method for evaluating the response of sensitive representatives of the population of an urbanized territory to anthropogenic impact. The developed zoning algorithm for an urbanized area using a cascade of Kohonen neural self-organizing networks allows you to simultaneously take into account heterogeneous and different-sized data that have varying degrees of influence on the state of the studied environmental objects with arbitrary accuracy. It is proposed to use the results of zoning of the urbanized territory to determine the directions for its further use.

Issues of new environmental risks and direct threats to the health and life of current living people with the advent of the post-industrial period of the fourth technological revolution and new forms of communication without borders and customs are examined. The global and liberal economy, according to world experts, has transformed into a "zombie economics of global post-truth." Such a transformation has given rise to a whole range of new environmental risks and threats for those living in the process of production and use of a wide range of goods and services. The various examples that have already manifested themselves in the current life of living people show the need for the formation of a twofold concept of sustainable development - resource-saving and biospheric - as its equivalent components. It is noted that the natural environment cannot change as quickly as the volume of innovations of the fourth technological revolution breaks into world politics and the economy. This increases the contradictions of the “zombie economics” and the global “post-truth” with the flora and fauna surrounding us, the billionth world of living organisms of the Earth’s biosphere, and expands the environmental risks and threats that are dangerous for our immediate descendants.

A study is carried out to determine the limits of resistance of soils and ecosystems of Crimea to pollution of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni by biological indicators. It is established that the Crimean soil in terms of resistance to Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni pollution is located as follows: residual carbonate chernozems> southern chernozems> dark chestnut alkaline ≥ mountain meadow ≥ brown carbonate> brown forest soils, and terrestrial ecosystems have the following series of stability: true steppes> dry steppes ≥ mountain meadows ≥ light forests> broad-leaved forests. In terms of ecotoxicity to heavy soils and ecosystems of Crimea, heavy metals form a series: Cr> Cu ≥ Pb ≥ Ni. The regional standards of the maximum permissible content of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni in the main soils of the Crimea and the most effective ways of their rehabilitation in case of pollution are proposed.

The authors have considered the influence of practically applied energy technologies on the indicators of sustainable development. The article presents the results of a systematic analysis of the sustainable development’s environmental, economic and social aspects regarding the energy technologies that use coal, gas, hydro, solar, wind and nuclear energy as their primary energy source. According to the comparative systematic analysis performed by the authors, the energy technologies that use natural gas and nuclear energy are the best for sustainable development.

A method for modeling and analyzing the dynamics of regulation of ecosystem states based on the construction of multifractal models taking into account the multilevel of its biodiversity is proposed. It is proposed to evaluate the integral response of the ecosystem to control actions by superimposing its multifractal image on the selected forms of critical organization that meet the limits of restoration of the ecosystem structure.