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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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No 11 (2013)
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ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-7 500
Abstract
There were considered issues, related to wastewater treatment of food industry enterprises from surfactants and fats. The emphasis was on flotation technique utilization for wastewater treatment from hydrophobic pollutants, and in the first place, fats and surfactants. There was established that efficiency of wastewater’s  flotation treatment from fats and surfactants is substantially dependent on flotation technique’s method. There was demonstrated that fats are efficiently extracted by means of mechanical flotation machine and surfactants – with the use of column flotation device.
8-11 463
Abstract
There were carrying-out trials of experimental dust arrester on real dust air mixture of unit for treatment of galvanic sludges into iron-oxide pigment. There was determined that in centrifugal-inertia separator the dust separation process takes place in three different working zones: swirl zone of gas-dust stream; zone of dust concentrating and solid phase’s layer formation on the body wall centrifugally; zone of particles deflection from separating zone owing to retardation of more inertial particles of finely-divided particulates or condensed phase form gas under gas stream rotation. On the base of experimental data was developed simulation model of separation process of finely-divided dust in centrifugal-inertia dust arrester and programming and computing suite for calculation of main process-dependent and design parameters of one-stage of two-stage dust arresters. Owing to decreasing of secondary dust loss in centrifugal-inertia dust arrester, was able more than 1,5 – 2 time increase separation of air-dust mixtures in common cyclone, and purification rate depending of dispersive capacity  and density of separate dust is from 75 to 98 per cents for different finely-divided aerosols of solid condensed phase.
12-15 445
Abstract
There was considered technology of aeromagnetic reagentless water treatment entitled AEROMAG, which based on physical principles of impact on water. It has been affirmed that under these impacts intensively bring into play natural mechanisms of water self-purification. All these impacts lead to increase of vibrational energy of water molecules, appearance of cavitating processes, and under presence of sufficient quantities of dissolved oxygen of air, there is achieved active and prompt process of the main water pollutants’ degradation. Combination of these impacts with repetitive magnetic activation allows in addition effectively decrease water hardness, having used effect of volume crystallization of hardness soils in water volume. There was applied effective filter with use of float sand and effective hydraulic self-purification under presence of resistance to water passage. Presented technical solutions are allowed to use this technology in full automatic mode, without use of operators work. All that allows decreasing cost price of tariffs on clean water and original outlays.
16-22 554
Abstract
There were considered directions for development of industrial complexes on chlorine, caustic soda and polyvinylchloride production, from the viewpoint impact on environment. There were analyzed different options for pre-consumer waste recovery. There was showed that modern processes of table salt’s electro membrane process, vinylchloride production by means of balanced schedule as well as suspended and emulsion polyvinylchloride production are defined  by minimal level of harmful emissions into environment/.On the base of information on use and recovery of polyvinylchloride, showed that use of materials and articles on the ground of polyvinylchloride is entirely harmless.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

23-27 406
Abstract
With help of thermodynamic simulation and HSC Chemistry software there was investigation of chemical reactivity of polychlorinated biphenyls’ congener, which are one from most common man-made contaminants in the world, when interacting with potassium hydroxide in dimethylsulfoxide presence. There was analyzed composition of gas phase within the interval of temperature from 25 to 150oC, at total pressure 1 atm. There was determined that at preset conditions of reaction the most reactive congeners are hepta-, hexa- and pentachlorbifenils, and minimal reactivity are display three chlorine congeners.
28-33 538
Abstract
There were considered Moscow Region’s features connected not with prevalence of non-industrial potential and building of industrial establishments, but with use of tertiary industry, building of large logistic centers, shopping plazas, cottage settlements. There were revealed nuclei of man-induced impact by the procedure of The Blackmith Institute, adapted to Russian statistical specificity. There was compiled the ecological rating of Moscow Region’s cities. There was made ecological and economic regionalization of two types: on units of administrative-territorial division and on real area of man-induced impact. There were developed indicators for impact assessment, analyzed advantages and disadvantages of used methods.

Landfill-Sites Operation. Sorbents for Oil-Contaminated Soils Cleanup

34-37 402
Abstract
There was considered the issue of leachate flow management at solid municipal waste landfill-sites during life cycle period after operation. There was proposed the effective method of leachate decreasing owing to use of plants, possessed high transpiration properties during the stage of biological recultivation of landfill-site. Offered method allows substantially decrease damage caused to environment by landfill-sites under low materials costs for its implementation. On the basis of carrying out experimental research’s results were developed recommendations on biological recultivation of  solid municipal waste landfill-sites
38-42 525
Abstract
There were considered issues of waste composition change, sending on landfilling, by means of preliminary manual sorting of solid municipal waste (SMW) or with use of mechano-optical assorting lines. Using of example solid municipal waste composition of Perm-City, construct a graph of material flow of waste management system, defined morphological composition and part of deposited waste in relation to mass of original SMW. With the use of organic substances decomposition model in landfill body there was carrying out assessment of methane potential and value of methane emission in environment during landfill-site life cycle for different waste management scheme. There was roved that during process of manual sorting achieved decreasing of gasification potential of “tailings” (sorting waste and screening) more than 10 per cents, and during mechano-optic sorting – almost 30 per cents.
43-47 640
Abstract
There was analyzed the best of available techniques for caustic ash production slurry by means of ammoniac method. There was presented European and domestic experience in a part of the main waste of caustic ash production – still waste liquid and slurry, generating during soda settling. On the basis of experimental research results there was defined possibility of soda production slurry utilization for waste overturning on solid municipal waste landfill-sites, for biological recultivation of man-induced areas and for hot bitumen concrete mix production.
48-52 558
Abstract
There was described scheme of biosorbent preparation on the basis of modified carbonaceous waste, i.e. carbonizate, detected legal conformity and parameters of manufacturing process for biosorbent preparation on every stage. Using the example carbonated coal, there were proposed criteria for pre-consumer and consumer waste assessment for grounds it’s as carbon matrix for immobilization of carbon oxidation microorganisms. Substantiating of proposed technique are results of formerly carrying out experimental researches. There was given an estimate of prepared biosorbent efficiency in technology of oil-contaminated soil bioremediation.
53-57 537
Abstract
There were presented results of development for environmentally safe high toxicity wastewater sludge (WWS) recovery of refining company with condition of obtainment in output marketable end product. Methods of WWS treatment, used at present, insufficiently minimized damage, which sludge spread to environment objects, or products of its treatment/recovery, or are cost demanding and economically unprofitable. On the basis of carrying out research authors proposed environmentally safe method of thermal recovery of  sludge by means pyrolysis, including preliminary treatment of sludge by calcium bearing reagents for extraction of hard metals, centrifugal process and drying. Pyrolysis product, i.e. organo-mineral composition, has porous structure and could be used as sorption material for emergency oil spill on process area with hard and ground coating of refinery venture.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

58-61 400
Abstract
From the standpoint of ecology, there were considered different technologies of molds and cores fabrication, used in foundry shop in Russia and abroad. There were described comparative data on harm impurities liberation, maximum concentration limits, technological properties, advantages and disadvantages of different technologies, with the use organic and inorganic binders. There was demonstrated that for increase of competition capacity of shaping processes and improvement of environmental situation there is need more extensive use mixtures on the basis of soluble glass and metallic phosphates, cold-hardening mixtures.


ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)