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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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No 8 (2012)
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ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-7 397
Abstract
There are considered the possibilities of utilization of welding aerosol's solid component (WASC) for manufacturing various products for industrial and household purposes. Due to the valuable range of physicochemical properties, the WASC can be used in the manufacture of building materials, road construction, as pigments for the construction finishing materials, in agriculture(for deoxidation of soils, manufacturing mineral fertilizers, etc.). Application of WASC is possible directly in manufacture of some components of welding equipment and accessories.
8-13 506
Abstract
It is proposed creation of local power-technological self-contained complex based on utilization of regional sources of solid fuels i.e. solid household waste, thatch of cereal cultures, coal screening, dry wood, waste oil, used motor and industrial oils, treatment facilities waste. It is offered the technology of manfacturing pellets of solid fuel mixed compositions based on various sources.Possible harmful emissions produced during thermo-chemical processing of carbonaceous raw materials, ways of recycling and utilization of bottom ash are analyzed. 
14-16 412
Abstract
It is offered the technology of cleaning industrial-storm, electroplating and household sewage at local plants, their mixing and further purification by physical-chemical methods with after-purification by filtration. The facilities include septic tanks, hydrophobic filter, electrochemical and catalytic filters, elektroflotator and  plasma-chemical reactor. The quality of treated water is in compliance with MPC of water fishery.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

17-19 496
Abstract
As a result of alkaline activation of multicomponent natural aluminum silicate, it is obtained a sorbent capable to absorb ammonium ions. The exchange capacity of alkali-activated sorbent is found to be 2.3 times higher than that of natural one. The change in efficiency of the sorbent with increasing bed height and velocity of water flow is studied. It is shown the possibility of reducing ammonium ions concentration to a concentration less than the MPC. Environmental damage prevented due to the use of alkali-activated sorbent for removal ammonium ions from aqueous media is calculated.
20-22 687
Abstract
It is considered an enzymatic method for manufacturing pentose hydrolyzates of spent grains containing mainly xylose. Its practical significance for the industry consists in involving secondary raw materials into commercial production and obtaining valuable product of xylose and based  on it xylitol. It is described the enzymatic method of hydrolysis of spent grains' various fractions; its schematic diagram is shown. It is found that the maximum yield of pentose sugars is observed when using a complex of enzymes based on Celloviridin G20x and Viscozim in the ratio 3:1 respectively.The optimal conditions of the process of hydrolysis are found.
23-25 525
Abstract
There are considered the problems of recycling ash-and-slag waste of small power facilities purposed for independent power supply when using solid fuels, such as a mini-TPP, mini-CHP, upgraded boilers. The new technological scheme of waste recycling in the form of pellets for use as filler in the manufacture of concrete is proposed. The results of experimental studies of screw conveyor for removing slag are presented; technical-economic analysis of the scheme developed is carried out.
26-28 514
Abstract
The work is devoted to the actual problem of recycling concrete scrap purposed to improve the efficiency of composite building materials production using techno genic wastes. The environmental situation in the region is analyzed. The results of laboratory investigations of concrete scrap's crushing products as spacer and as active filler for concretes and mortars are presented. There are studied the grain (grain size), mineral and chemical compositions of secondary materials from construction and demolition waste that had accumulated on the territory of the Chechen Republic.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

29-31 515
Abstract
Exchanger Pyrolysis. It is considered the problem of recycling cross-linked polymers i.e. spent synthetic ion-exchange resins, recycling technologies of which have notyet been developed. The patterns of thermo-chemical destruction of spent ion exchange resins are studied; the composition and properties of solid residue of pyrolysis are determined. The possibilities of using the products obtained as sorbents and fuel components are substantiated.
32-37 404
Abstract
It is considered the problem of selecting the areas of best available technologies (BAT) application. The results of analysis of major trends in devel-opment of the European Directive on Integrated Prevention and Control of Pollution, as well as the results of assessment of the various sectors of economics based on the analysis of statistical data are presented. The expediency of combining the approaches to determination of BAT applicationareasand allocation of environmentallyhazardousfacilities, as well as gradualexpansion of BATapplication areasis shown.Criteria forselectionof economic activity kinds to highlight areasof BATapplication areproposed.It is generateda priority list of kindsof activity for furtherworkto identify areasof BATapplication.
38-42 462
Abstract
There are considered the main aspects of determination of morphological composition and the norms of household waste accumulation as a basis for environmental safety of residential areas. There were analyzed all applicable normative, legal and guidance documents (since 1971) in thisfield, used in Russia by housing-and-communal, sanitation and environmental services. The basic problems of sanitation in the housing-and-communalsec tor are formulated. The methods of obtaining reliableinformation on the amount of accumulated household waste areoffered.It is substantiatedthe necessity of legislative regulationof handling not only solid but also liquid household waste. A detailed analysis of taxonomic affiliation for the section "Establishing standardsof household waste accumulation" in the system of Russian legislation is carried out.Examples oflegallyestablished standardsof waste accumulation and alreadyrepealednorms arepresented.
43-45 482
Abstract
It is investigated and found a negative impact of polygons storing sewage sediments on the environment.
46-48 403
Abstract
Realization of the project "Deer Creek" is the result of close cooperation of the personnel from industry and mining science. With respect to the complexgeological structure of the deposit, it was suggested a non-traditional solution of opening an underground mine by three galleries for various purposes, from which there are passing the main and air-supplying "blind" shafts and auto-slope as well; there are also provided to use four types of mining development systems depending on the capacity of the ore body, its slope angle, the stability of the ore, its value, etc. There are carried out investigations of oredressability in one-hundred-percent water cycle condition, which are taken into account when constructing enrichment plant. Additional exploration of the deposit, which has enabled to increment reserves in the career on tours almost two-fold, is carried out as well. Completed feasibility study of conditions for reserves calculation and their registration at the State Commission on Mineral Reserves "Rosnedra" are performed.
49-51 472
Abstract
There are presented specific examples of realization of some bioenergetics trends, in particular, recycling of poultry farms waste for producing electricity and heat.
52-55 394
Abstract
In order to assess environmental and fire hazard of pigmented paint-and-varnish materials waste, there are picked out and analyzed volatile organiccompounds in their composition. Environmentaland firehazardof pigmented paint-and-varnish materials waste is estimated. 
56-59 482
Abstract
It is estimated negative impact of non-specific stress-factors on the pine stands in the areas of technogenically hazardous objects. The change in the consistent patterns of pine cones structure in the face of increasing stress effects accompanied by reduction in seed production is shown. It is distinguished a set of parameters of generative sphere of  Scotch pine, recommended for use when carrying out environmental monitoring of technogenically hazardous objects.

СОБЫТИЯ. ФАКТЫ



ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)