Preview

Ecology and Industry of Russia

Advanced search
Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access
Vol 22, No 4 (2018)
View or download the full issue PDF № 4 (2018) (Russian)

ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-10 1155
Abstract

The main scientific and practical results of studies on increasing the environmental safety of mining production are made on the basis of the utilization of mining waste and processing of ore raw materials in the filling of underground waste areas, storing tailings with the addition of hardening agent based on solidification of hazardous ingredients, determining the formulations of hardening mixtures, assessing their strength and reducing the risk for environment by transferring them to a solid state. The analysis of known technologies and technical means for managing specified storage parameters, laboratory and production experiments, physical modeling and selection of the compositions of hardening mixtures, analytical studies, comparative analysis of theoretical and practical results are given. The results of the experience in the use of hardening mixtures and the methods for studying the hardening of MSP tails and the evaluation of their strength are described. Recommended new technologies for the preparation of hardening mixtures for the immobilization of tailings when filling out the tailings.

11-15 785
Abstract

The main principle of complex improvement of the functioning of the city of the northern region and its infrastructure in the winter period is the systemic solution of the problem of industrial snowpack cleaning at various sections of the city's road network, removal and recovery of snow. To solve this problem in the Russian capital – Moscow, MosvodokanalNIIproekt jointly with the Moscow State Construction University in 2001 developed the Master Plan of snow removal in Moscow. The meteorological conditions that have changed in recent years in Moscow – the increase in the height of the snow cover, the area of the retracted road surface, the new technology for cleaning streets, yards and sidewalks, new types of anti-ice reagents, required the updating of the Master Plan-removal of snow in Moscow. A special place in its actualization with regard to the environmental safety of the city in winter period was the effective use of deicing products. The environmental evaluation of their application in winter period in Moscow is considered.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

16-19 875
Abstract

The possibility of using drilled cuttings as a material for reclamation work was studied. An important parameter that makes it possible to use drilled cuttings as a component of reclamation materials is its stress-related characteristics, in particular, the specific surface area. A comparative analysis of the specific surface of soils and drilled cuttings has been carried out, and an assessment has been made of the yielding of drilled cuttings.

20-25 670
Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of the microwave electromagnetic radiation effect on the properties of municipal wastewater precipitations. There is a comparison of the traditional electrothermal treatment and electromagnetic SHF processing of precipitation taken from a Tyumen wastewater treatment plant. A high speed of the temperature grow of precipitation samples during SHF-treatment is noted. The recorded changes in the spatial structure of the samples under the influence of different treatment methods also confirm a combine influence of microwave treatment on the sewage sediment properties.

26-30 768
Abstract

The physical scheme and mathematical model of the processes of thermal recovery of carbon-containing waste are presented. As a basis for modeling combustion processes, a kinetic multi-reactor model is used that includes equations for changing composition, enthalpy and mass, equations for calculating temperature and parameters of associated processes. The change in the state of the reacting mixture is due to convective and diffusive heat and mass transfer, chemical interaction between the components of the reacting mixture. The results of numerical studies of the parameters of combustion products during combustion of methane-air mixture, pyrolytic conversion products of litter and  sewage sludge are presented.

31-37 898
Abstract

Nowadays a lot of self-moving machines used in various industries including agriculture and forest industry are out of date. This equipment must be put out of operation and utilized. The methodology and mathematical models of ecological harm evaluation based on agricultural machines are given. The possibility of negative environmental impact identification (firstly from land degradation) of waste not involved into utilization will let us assess the ecological danger of this waste. Moreover, it will give the chance to justify the necessity of immediate creation of effective old-fashioned equipment utilization system in Russia.

38-40 570
Abstract

The influence of lead-cadmium contamination on the level of immunoglobulins in the organism of the beliers of the early period of postnatal development is shown. A decrease in the level of immunoglobulin indicates a lack of humoral immunity and even a violation of the synthesis or enhancement of the catabolism of immunoglobulins classes IgA, IgM and IgG.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

41-45 767
Abstract

Federal Law No. 219-FZ of 21.07.2014 "On Amendments to the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" and some Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" established new principles of environmental policy aimed at reducing the negative man-made impact on the environment. At present, work is under way to harmonize Russian environmental legislation with regard to the transition to a system of technological regulation of impacts using the best available techniques (BAT). Since January of 1, 2019, the enterprises with the most negative environmental impact are required to obtain a comprehensive environmental permit (CER), which will replace previously separated environmental approval procedures. Before submitting an application for CEP, a calculation of the technological standards for each TPP assigned to category I shall be carried out.

46-51 674
Abstract

The main types of man-caused impact on the components of the natural environment in the mining complex are revealed. The specifics of the formation of damages from uncontrolled changes in the conditions for the existence of natural-technical systems due to exposure to hazardous factors, including depending on the parameters of man-made voids, are disclosed. In order to increase the level of greening of the activities of the enterprises of the GIC, in addition to the existing methods, a methodology for estimating damage from man-made impact, a methodology for estimating damage as a result of the formation of man-made emptiness of the subsoil and the emergence of emergencies in this regard, leading in some cases to catastrophic consequences.

52-57 906
Abstract

The analysis of existing on the international and domestic normative legal base of an ecological estimation of building materials is carried out, conclusions about ways of introduction of existing mechanisms in building practice are made. For the first time it was proposed to use the mechanism of the preliminary national standard for systematization of the criteria of ecological safety of building materials and its structure was developed. This will allow to proceed to the formation of databases on the environmental properties of products and to ensure the requirements of the legislation on tenders.

58-59 675
Abstract

An approximate dependence of the degree of environmental safety on the magnitude of the criterion of potential environmental hazard of electrolyte is suggested. The dependence of this criterion on the composition of known electrolytes for anodizing aluminum and its alloys used in various industries is analyzed. The results of the assessment of the ecological compatibility of electrolyte compositions can be applied for environmental expertise at the design stage of electrochemical plants.

60-63 651
Abstract

The problems of destruction and death of forest ecosystems by the aerotechnogenic emissions of large enterprises are considered. As a result of damage to forest ecosystems, it becomes necessary to assess and predict changes in the environment. The purpose of our research is to assess the negative impact of aerotechnogenic emissions of magnesite production on the radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The impact assessment was carried out by the dendroindication method. Dynamics of radial growth of Scots pine in the vicinity of the Magnezit industrial complex is related to the impact of the plant's aerotechnogenic emissions, which have a limiting effect. The positive effect of lowland peat introduced during crop planting has been revealed, which allowed to reduce the negative impact of the plant's aerotechnogenic emissions in the first 10 years of life and preserve the culture to our days.



ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)