WORKS ECONOMY
The advantages of the use of colored asphalt concrete to reduce accidents on the roads of metallurgical wastes. It shows how to create a mixture of asphalt and carried out studies to assess the mechanical volume and photometric characteristics, asphalt mix, as well as study the leaching of metal ions (distilled water) of asphalt samples. The studies proved good abrasion resistance, water resistance, strength properties of the resulting asphalt mix and the lack of negative impact of the samples taken on the environment.
In the article is discussed that in the production of aluminum by electrolytic method carbonaceous wastes are formed. Currently some of the waste is recycled for subsequent use in related industries. To a certain extent, the full processing is limited by a low price with the high cost of processing. It was suggested to consider the creation of a closed cycle for solid carbon by using solid carbonaceous wastes in the production of anode paste. There were presented the material balance, as well as the results of granulometric and chemical analyzes confirming the principal possibility of this approach.
SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
There were presented sulfur properties and sources of its production, including at Norilsk Nickel enterprises. There were showed areas of application of sulfur in various industries. There were offered ways to solve the environmental problems of Norilsk region by creating the demanded sulfuric products. The main area of sulfur use of Norilsk Nickel enterprises is the production of sulfur extended asphalt and sulfur concrete, which will allow the creation of a road construction industry on the Taimyr Peninsula.
There are deduced feasibility study of waste use of polyethylene foam production of JSC “Izhevsk Plastic Plant” for manufacturing noise-attenuating structure structures. An additional resource received during the processing of the enterprise’s waste for noise protection is due to savings in storage, transportation, and disposal of polyethylene foam at the landfill-site of the household waste, payment for the negative impact on the environment. At wasteless production at the enterprise are observed ecological principles of rational use of natural resources in the form of prevented ecological damage.
There was investigated the influence of the process decolmatation (removal) of channel sediments along the coastal zone of the Ufa River on the change in the component composition of the limited-volatile organic components (LVOC) and the content of salts of total hardness in water from wells of infiltration water abstraction located on the river bank. There was demonstrated that colmated benthic deposits, on the one hand, are a natural barrier preventing the penetration of LVOC technogenic origin from the river water into the well water, but on the other hand, they are reason of anaerobic conditions in the filler beds, which leads to intensification of biochemical destruction processes of organic compounds in them with accumulation of biodegradation products. In addition, as a result of a decrease in the proportion of infiltrated river water in the ground formations, the total hardness of the well water increases, which impairs its organoleptic properties. After the work on the decolmatation of benthic deposits, an increase of in the infiltration of river water into underground layers was noted, which led to a decrease of the concentration of biodegradation products of organic compounds in them (carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, aldehydes, iso-. cyclo-, unsaturated hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds, squalene), the concentration of phtaleic acid esters.
Thermal comfort in the premises of restaurant complexes is an important and urgent task. From its decision depends on the well-being of visitors, the efficiency of the stuff and the quality of products produced by him. In this article the main requirements and known principles of air exchange in restaurant complexes are considered. There was made analysis of the possibility of using the system of technological air conditioning as a type of displacement ventilation with a scheme of air distribution from the bottom to the top for industrial premises of restaurant complexes. The proposed method of supply and distribution of air has a significant effect on the efficiency of ventilation systems and increases the degree of thermal comfort.
ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS
An analysis of current environmental regulation showed, that it contains contradictions, gaps, and it is based on the concept of "negative impact of economic activity" – when any impact of economic activities considered negative regardless of the presence of the affected entity. In the draft of Environmental Code [1], instead of defective nature protection oriented regulation, a new one is proposed – environmental regulation, in which, in particular, used a new approach to assessing the negative impact of economic activity. One of element of this approach is presented – "a mediating natural environment" – a kind of “buffer” natural environment through which the impact of economic activity spreads and changes until it resaces some entity.
The analysis of the environmental burden on the benzo(a)pyrene and formaldehyde on the rural population living in the zone of influence of aluminum production on the example of Shelekhov district of the Irkutsk region. Determine the load on the population through inhalation of contaminated air (inhalation load), in the use of food grown in contaminated soil (potatoes, carrots), well water, accidental swallowing of water while (oral load), via skin intake (skin load). Calculated individual and population-based cancer risks for the rural population. It was found that for the rural population the greatest contribution in the risk value (66%) is an oral route of carcinogens by eating vegetables (potatoes, carrots) grown on contaminated soils. For the urban population living in the area of aluminum production emissions, individual cancer risk is mainly due to the body intake of formaldehyde and benzo(a)pyrene through the air inhalation.
There was considered Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) used in foreign practice to assess the negative effects during the life cycle of energy facilities (power plants) on the environment. There were presented results of calculations of pollutants emissions in the environment during life cycle of traditional and renewable energy. More detailed considered the application of the life cycle analysis tool for assessing the environmental efficiency of energy facilities based on renewable energy sources, in particular wind power plants and solar photovoltaic power plants.
For Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO), one of the highly urbanized regions of Russia, especially acute in the sphere of ensuring environmental safety, there remains the issue of processing and recycling of production and consumption wastes. To solve this problem it is necessary to form a waste processing branch of the YANAO. There were presented data on existing capacity for waste disposal and processing, as well as technical and regulatory and legal prospects for the formation of the waste recycling industry in the territory of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. There were defined positive and negative factors of investment in te development of this branch of YANAO. There was considered possibility of implementing the mechanism of public-private partnership in the sphere of waste management, taking into account the positive experience of number of subjects of the Russian Federation.
There was provided information on the effects of mass production and the use of hazardous chemicals. There were defined strategic errors during technological processes designing associated with the neglect of environmental aspects/ There was demonstrated that the use of harmful chemical substances for industrial and agricultural technologies often are not justified. There was given analysis of international activities on ensuring global chemical safety, and identified the challenges facing Russian applied science and chemical industry for the greening of the manufacturing sector. On the basis of the analysis of the current documents of the national and international levels, a priority list of the substances most frequently used in industry, representing the greatest danger to man and the components of natural environment, was compiled. Formulated the main activities to limit the production and use of extremely and particularly dangerous substances, primary carcinogens, in the development of advanced technology for the large-scale production. Put a question of the need for a phased replacement of these chemicals by the search for alternatives.
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)