ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS
The efficiency of flow processes is determined and specifically the provision of ecological performance and safety. Sat the same time one of the most common instruments of its achievements introduction of automation equipment. In the production of glass container, at various stages, as large number of rejects, which sometimes is used again for the manufacture of the new glass container, after pre-crushing. There were proposed technical solutions providing preliminary destruction of glass container by the impact when it falls, that allows to submit to crushing device small pieces of glass container for more efficient of its processing. By automation of his process, you can achieve improved environmental performance through improved energy efficiency by the periodic operation of the system and security by eliminating the human role in this process.
There was conducted tests of membrane plants for water treatment of Techa’s water reservoirs / Scheme of reservoir’s low level solutions’ treatment is based on a combination of ultrafiltration methods and two-stage reverse osmosis. During tests was processed 2500 m3 of liquid radioactive waste and obtained treated water with solid contents from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/l of the total volume and activity of beta-emitting nuclides from 0.04 to 1.2 Bq/l.
SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
For the first time was obtained HEPA (Highly Efficient Particulate Air), a filter of high volume filtration based on thick-layer self-supporting composite material. There was presented a method for forming a new filter in a single process step, as well as a method of testing the filtering ability of nonwoven material is described. In contrast to the existing solutions on the market, the proposed method of forming is characterized by the simplicity of the technological design, which makes it possible to use it for the production of new filters. By main parameters – filtration efficiency, pressure drop, resource, HEPA filter based on new material is not inferior to existent market analogs. Studies of the filtering ability show that such a material has a great potential of use for capturing of a wide range of sizes and open the door to new possibilities for designing and developing a self-supporting functional gradient filtering material with a predetermined parameter distribution for various gas-assisted applications.
There was made review of methods of recovering of sulfur waste gases in Polar division of Public company "MMC "Norilsk Nickel". Usually sulfur dioxide is used to produce sulfuric acid. There are many ways of obtaining sulfur from sulfur dioxide. There was defined that the only way with respect to "Norilsk Nickel" is the methane method, which requires the reconfiguration of production assets to be started synchronized with the implementation of sulfur project-2. In 2017 the working documentation will be fulfilled, and then in the next 2 – 3 years a new sulfur processing stage will be constructed with the complete removal sulfur from the gases and achievement of the current maximum permission emission (MPE).
There was considered manganese ore base of the Russian Federation. There was showed connection of the development of manganese deposits with the development of the technology of the fuel and energy complex. There were showed results of experimental work carried out at FSUE “ARSRIMR”, OJSC “ARTEI”, NRTU “MISIS” on the development of technical solutions for the application of natural high temperature ferromanganese chemosorbents of hydrogen sulphide in large-scale combined-cycle plants with gasification of coal (CCGT CCCG). There was determined that during pyrolysis of carbon-containing gases on manganese ore carbon nanotubes. There was given economic feasibility of profitability of extraction of manganese ore on the territory of Russia.
There were considered issues of usage of waste generated during development of volcanic tuff, which are 30 – 50 % in volume and provide for the production of natural porous aggregates that are missing in the construction in the amount of up to 60 mln m3 per year. While their cost will be significantly lower than that of similar concrete composites made of artificial porous fillets. There was offered a formulation of high-quality and durable concrete for use production of wall materials using a porous filler both in the solution part (0 – 5 mm) and as a large aggregates (5 – 20 mm).
ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS
The results of monitoring of impact of motor vehicles of the ecology of urban environment on the example of one of the busiest intersections of the city of Voronezh. There was defined the complex of system problems of metropolitans forming ecological risks and unfavorable habitat for inhabitants of large cities, There were considered the main ways to reduce their negative impact on the human body.
The presence of solid mineral deposits in Vietnam contributes to the development of the economy, but at the same time their development has a negative impact on the environment. In the sub-equatorial climate of Vietnam, forests are destroyed, as a result of which processes decertification of landscapes are accelerated. There are considered methods of remote sensing, effectively used to monitor soil moisture and identify decertification processes. There were presented soil moisture evaluation results on the basis of multi-zone images on the territory with active open-cast mining and the projected mine Thas Khe in the Thas Ha region of the province of Ha Thinh. The results reflects anthropogenic impact on the natural landscape, including from the mining industry.
There are discussed environmental and technological problems, and analyzes the relationship between the formation of elemental and phase composition of deposits, the corrosion of structural elements of equipment with the composition of natural water and methods of its processing in steam boilers of small and medium productivity of some areas of Krasnodar Krai. There were identified the main phases of the deposits, based on diopside, tremolite, wollastonite, hydroxyapatite, calcite, aragonite and magnesite, as well as mixtures of iron oxides in the form of goethite and magnetite. There was defined that the phase composition of the deposits depends on the molar ratio and equilibrium of cationic-anionic composition of natural and treated water. There was showed that with similar water treatment schemes chosen, it is possible to form easily removable deposits (calcium and magnesium carbonates) and practically insoluble (diopside and tremolite), as well as the appearance of deposits caused by various corrosion processes. Therefore, to reduce the environmental burden associated with removal of deposits, it is advisable to optimize the water treatment schemes, taking into account the quantitative and qualitative composition of formed deposits.
There were considered approaches to the evaluation of emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles in urban environments. As in case of Krasnoyarsk-City shows the issues arising in the process of evaluation, common to all major cities of Russia. There was conducted analysis of relations of contaminants contributions in the system industrial enterprises – transport. Despite the fact that the environmental protection measures implemented from the federal and regional budgets are aimed at reducing the negative impact on atmospheric air these measures do not in any way affect "latent emissions", for example, for benzene and other carcinogenic and toxic hydrocarbons. It was demonstrated as the transition to more environmentally-friendly standards change the "picture of emissions". There were stated proposals for a more complete and accurate calculation of vehicle emissions.
As criterion of evaluation of the ecological situation on the territories of industrial areas are proposed to use the indicator of General background contamination. Critical indicator signals about the worsening situation and the need for urgent works aimed at restoring the ecological system. To enhance the security of regulated integrated approach in addressing emission reduction and effective utilization through the manufacture of fuel and raw materials for later use.
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)