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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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Vol 20, No 7 (2016)
View or download the full issue PDF № 7 (2016) (Russian)

ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-9 1492
Abstract

There were studied the adsorption properties of composite materials from a mixture of ceramic work shop and agricultural processing/s waste. There were plotting isotherms of heavy metals’ sorption by composite materials, offered installation and technological scheme of combined sorption materials obtaining.

10-12 573
Abstract

In work use of the directing devices for ventilation of pits and at the same time for a dust suppression intensification by giving through nozzles of previously activated water which is fond of the air stream operated by the specified designs is considered. Thus activation is carried out in anode and cathodic cameras of the diaphragm electrolyzer. Water supply in nozzles is carried out consistently from anode and cathodic cameras of the diaphragm electrolyzer. Reduction of the content of dust by 70 – 80 % is as a result reached.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

13-17 802
Abstract

Studies are undertaken and the estimation of quality of technogenic wastes of enterprises of metallurgy is executed, mining industry and heat-and-power engineering of the Kemerovo area as technogenic raw material for the production of heat-resistant and heat-insulation materials. As a result of estimation of basic parameters – volume of education, ecological safety, character of education, chemical-mineralogical composition and technological indexes of technogenic raw material possibility is reasonable and directions of utilization of wastes of refractoriess, ash microspheres of ash-carrying away of thermoelectric power station, slag  of electric furnace steelmaking production, dispersible wastes of ferro-alloy production (microsiliceous and ferrosilicon dust) are educed, clays of stripping breeds as raw material components for making of heat-resistant and heat-insulation materials. 

18-21 734
Abstract

There was investigated extracting of chromium ions from an aqueous salt solution Cr2 (SO4)3 and K2Cr2O7 and mixtures thereof. Using sorption on anion exchange resin of the brand AMP from solutions of salts mixtures Cr(III) and Cr(IV) with total chromium concentration of 500 mg/dm3 can be selectively extracted anions Cr(VI) for 20 – 30 minutes. Sorption by mixture of cation exchange resin KU-2 and anion exchange resin AMP improves the extraction of salts mixtures Cr(III), Cr(IV) with a substantial reduction of sorption time. 

22-25 916
Abstract

Synthetic polymers, which are petroleum products, deserve special attention because catastrophic quantity of household plastic waste. In this connection, it discusses reuse of polymers for the manufacturing of household purposes’’ articles. For example, system low density polyethylene – polylactide has been shown experimentally that the use of secondary polyethylene in an amount of 30 % by weight does not impair the necessary technological  characteristics: elongation and tensile strength remain within critical limits. By differential scanning calorimetry method specified melting point and degree of crystallinity of the blend components. In addition, polylactide – a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable raw materials, agriculture production waste, use of which may have a positive impact on the ecological conditions.

26-29 622
Abstract

There were presented results of determination of sorption component in the process of cleaning solutions from ions of Ni2+ and Cu2+ by natural clays. It was found that in addition to reagent purification had place and sorption purification, whose share in all the experiments did not exceed 51% with an overall value of the total purity of about 99%. 

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

30-35 734
Abstract

Based on the remote sensing data of different years and ground surveys carried out a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of the environmental situation of one of the oil fields in the Oktyabrsky district of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomuos Okrug. It was showed negative anthropogenic influence of oil production on the environment and draw conclusion about the distribution of oil production on the main soil types in the study area. So in the period from 1984 to 2011, the infrastructure area increased by 1.8 times, the spread of the large surface area of the oil spill – from zero to 5 square km, while the forested area decreased by 20%, and the felling area increased more than 2 times. Analysis of soil cover contamination area showed that the greatest share of oil-polluted areas seen in the contours of the following types of soil: peat upland  hammock-ridge bogs, podzolized taiga gley criogenic soil.  

36-41 1207
Abstract

It is presented an analysis of the main problems of today, the major among them being the desire to possess mineral resources, as a basis for further development. Made an analysis of techno sphere emerged in recent decades. It was considered the possibility of the development of mineral resources of the ocean bed in order to strengthen the security of Russian mineral resources. Made an analysis of the features of exploration and mining operation ferromanganese nodules of ocean bed. There were identified the major negative environmental impacts of production of  ferromanganese nodules. It was outlined basic environmental requirements and formulated the principles of geo-environmental monitoring of marine research. 

42-45 572
Abstract

The article is devoted to methods of oil company strategy development in the sphere of emergency oil spill risk management. The author pays great attention to the importance of development of reasonable oil spill risk management strategy. Review and examination of existing oil spill risk analysis and assessment methods is carried out. Approach to risk scenario modeling is considered. Method of risk cost calculation is presented. Residual risk assessment and compensation method is under consideration in the article.

46-53 772
Abstract

The results of four-year satellite radar monitoring of the Kola Bay (Barents Sea) are presented and discussed. In the frameworks of this monitoring the maps of actual distribution of oil spills (pollution) in the bay for the first time were created, their spatial and temporal distribution analyzed and sources revealed. It was found that the main sources of oil pollution are the enterprises of the Ministry of Defense and housing and communal service, maritime transport as well as coastal oil storages and terminals. Discharges of various pollutants from the ships passing through the bay make a significant contribution to the overall oil pollution. As a result the Kola Bay by the degree of oil pollution can be considered as one of hotspots of the Russian Arctic.

54-59 624
Abstract

It was described solution to the problem of innovative development of agricultural enterprise on the basis of ecology-oriented approach to the consumption of resources by the example of use of lubricants. It was considered dynamics of changes in the cost of lubricants required for the implementation of agricultural activities. Based on the study of consumption lubricants by agricultural enterprises of the Rostov Oblast, degree of deterioration of agricultural machinery and emerging challenges was substantiated the necessity of the use of the secondary resources for sustainable development of agribusiness innovation. It was offered a conceptual model of a closed cycle of secondary resources. There were considered technologies of used oils recycling, There were presented structure and results of computations to prevent damage due to organize the collection, recycling and reuse of used oils. It was offered as one of the directions of innovative development of the agricultural enterprises the use of secondary materials subjected to regeneration.

60-63 554
Abstract

In this paper, we examine methodological aspects of creating an information-measuring subsystem, which can be used for recognition of technical and environmental conditions and for making a choice of optimal programs for control of objects in natural and industrial systems. We provide an exemplary functional diagram of a subsystem and classification of controlled characteristics. We describe one of the possible methods for selecting the working vocabulary of characteristics of the controlled subsystem providing optimal allocation of expenses for creation (acquisition) of each instrument within the allocated funds for development of measuring equipment. We also outline the prospects of using measuring equipment in creation of an information-measuring system that provides support to managerial decision-making for allocation of quotas for sewage treatment at the station of biochemical treatment by industrial enterprises in the city of Tambov. 



ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)