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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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No 4 (2012)
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ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-7 580
Abstract

There are described various technologies for processing of technical-rubber waste. The technology and equipment of stationary and mobile versions for vapor-thermal recycling of used tires in order to obtain raw materials and fuel-energy resources are presented.

8-9 350
Abstract

Production of enriched uranium is accompanied by a number of chemical processes resulting in formation and accumulation of liquid low-level radioactive waste. For liquid low-level waste, it is provided in domestic practice construction of near-surface reservoirs. It is offered a new technical solution for construction of a plant for treatment of waste solutions, which are generated at manufacture of the enriched uranium, by multistage filtration through a set of layers of inert and chemically active granular water-permeable materials.

10-12 338
Abstract

It is considered application of new technologies and designs of coil heat exchangers ensuring reduction of harmful toxic emissions into atmosphere when their manufacturing.

13-15 463
Abstract

It is developed and experimentally investigated the waveguide optical chemical absorption-type sensor based on waveguide structure being
formed on the substrate of lithium niobate Y-cut to control the level of gaseous substances, particularly ammonia. Design of the sensor with the threshold of sensitivity significantly below 0.2 mg/m3is offered. This problem is promising for effective detection of a number of gases critically important for human safety.

16-19 449
Abstract

It is developed a novel method for clear separation of fine fractions of secondary crushed stone and a device for its implementation. This device is aerating-vibrating screen. Technological scheme of separation includes besides aerating-vibrating screen additional step of the smallest fractions separation using cyclones and bag filters. A method for calculating the aerating-vibrating screen is presented. It is expedient to use small fractions of crushed stone for dumping of roads and exits from roads, strengthening of weak grounds, landscaping, and also as filling ingredient in concretes and mortars, which reduces the cost of concrete by about 25%.

THEME OF THE ISSUE. Mine-Technical Land Reclamation of Mining Regions

20-23 437
Abstract

There are presented the results of soil layer formation for applying it onto waste dumps during works at the mine-technical stage in the case of their combination with the works on working off the upper stripping ledge. It is proposed to use selective methods of working off excavation faces, concentration of fertile layer of soil within the career field in order to improve the quality parameters of the soil layer formed.

24-27 415
Abstract

There are given recommendations for mine-technical land reclamation when combining it with stripping works for "Borodinsky" and "Pereyaslovsky" coal mining cuts. There are substantiated the structures of complex mechanization of works on the technical stage of land reclamation in coordination with prediction of quality indicators and productivity of the soil layer formed.

28-31 419
Abstract

It is considered the necessity and feasibility of works on irrigation of agro-industrial enterprises' lands in the areas adjacent to the mining leases of coal mines. There are presented organizational structures of industrial enterprises for restoring productive lands of agricultural purpose, as well as for forestry and processing of waste generated as a result of works on irrigation and opencast coal mining in central districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

32-35 435
Abstract

There are presented the results of investigation of total content of rocket fuel's toxic components based on 1.1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in peaty soil, which is typical for the European North of Russia. The influence of temperature and initial concentration of rocket fuel on the processes of UDMH binding by peat and transformation into various products in model media is considered.

36-39 523
Abstract

On the base of experimental studies of physical-chemical factors influence on decomposition of phenolic compounds in aqueous media, it was developed photochemical reactor of phenol-containing sewage oxidation. This reactor can be introduced into a modular local sewage treatment system that meets the criteria of resource sawing and environmental safety of mining

40-41 392
Abstract

It is considered the technology of compacting solid household waste into large blocks eliminating the stages of their firmware and subsequent
binding by wire harnesses to avoid their spontaneous destruction during lifting and transportation operations. As a result of computational and theoretical studies and laboratory experiments to determine the dependence of briquette density on the compaction pressure, it is shown that the goal can be achieved when solid household waste will be pressed by conical punch. Experimentally obtained model blocks have strength sufficient for transportation and disposal at the landfill.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

42-45 362
Abstract

Environmental problems are considered from the standpoint of their impact on economic activity and investment attractiveness of regions. It is proposed stimulation of companies, which are the sources of environmental pollution, to elimination of external effects enabling to form, especially in troubled regions, the complex of service naturerotecting enterprises (environmental cluster), which by its economic nature is an object of investments, a factor of innovative development and a tool for creating new workplaces. The validity of the proposed approach is confirmed by concrete examples of activities of nature-protective enterprises at the Perm Territory.

46-49 388
Abstract
There are offered the variants of efficient using of mineral fraction of coals both in Siberia and beyond. Possibilities of large-scale using of coals in "" production of building materials and for reducing sulfur content in gas emission of thermal-power plants are indicated. It is recommended to use ash-slag to solve the problem of deficiency of mineral resources in Western Siberia.
50-53 460
Abstract
It is developed the system of sanitary-ecological automated monitoring of environmental situation based on IP-communications; the need to create such a system is analyzed. There are considered technical specifications of sensors presented at the Russian market. The most appropriate models are selected. It is considered creation of the United Center for operational control as a part of the automated control system.
54-55 1216
Abstract
It is analyzed the dynamics of accumulation of anthropogenic ingredients in the air of the city of Sterlitamak over past 10 years. The factors affecting air pollution of the city are investigated. It is offered to create a model of assessment and prediction of the atmospheric surface layer pollution and the Territorial complex scheme of air protection, which would take into account all anthropogenic factors.
56-58 497
Abstract
There are investigated sorption properties of wood waste for collection of oil products spilled on the water surface with the subsequent development of boom barriers. Sorption properties of wood waste for utilization of spilled oil products are substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The factors influencing their sorption properties are found. It is shown principal possibility of using waste wood of various tree species to capture oil products with subsequent utilization of them in the form of briquettes with elevated combustion heat.

СОБЫТИЯ. ФАКТЫ



ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)