ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS
There are described various technologies for processing of technical-rubber waste. The technology and equipment of stationary and mobile versions for vapor-thermal recycling of used tires in order to obtain raw materials and fuel-energy resources are presented.
Production of enriched uranium is accompanied by a number of chemical processes resulting in formation and accumulation of liquid low-level radioactive waste. For liquid low-level waste, it is provided in domestic practice construction of near-surface reservoirs. It is offered a new technical solution for construction of a plant for treatment of waste solutions, which are generated at manufacture of the enriched uranium, by multistage filtration through a set of layers of inert and chemically active granular water-permeable materials.
It is considered application of new technologies and designs of coil heat exchangers ensuring reduction of harmful toxic emissions into atmosphere when their manufacturing.
It is developed and experimentally investigated the waveguide optical chemical absorption-type sensor based on waveguide structure being
formed on the substrate of lithium niobate Y-cut to control the level of gaseous substances, particularly ammonia. Design of the sensor with the threshold of sensitivity significantly below 0.2 mg/m3is offered. This problem is promising for effective detection of a number of gases critically important for human safety.
It is developed a novel method for clear separation of fine fractions of secondary crushed stone and a device for its implementation. This device is aerating-vibrating screen. Technological scheme of separation includes besides aerating-vibrating screen additional step of the smallest fractions separation using cyclones and bag filters. A method for calculating the aerating-vibrating screen is presented. It is expedient to use small fractions of crushed stone for dumping of roads and exits from roads, strengthening of weak grounds, landscaping, and also as filling ingredient in concretes and mortars, which reduces the cost of concrete by about 25%.
THEME OF THE ISSUE. Mine-Technical Land Reclamation of Mining Regions
There are presented the results of soil layer formation for applying it onto waste dumps during works at the mine-technical stage in the case of their combination with the works on working off the upper stripping ledge. It is proposed to use selective methods of working off excavation faces, concentration of fertile layer of soil within the career field in order to improve the quality parameters of the soil layer formed.
There are given recommendations for mine-technical land reclamation when combining it with stripping works for "Borodinsky" and "Pereyaslovsky" coal mining cuts. There are substantiated the structures of complex mechanization of works on the technical stage of land reclamation in coordination with prediction of quality indicators and productivity of the soil layer formed.
It is considered the necessity and feasibility of works on irrigation of agro-industrial enterprises' lands in the areas adjacent to the mining leases of coal mines. There are presented organizational structures of industrial enterprises for restoring productive lands of agricultural purpose, as well as for forestry and processing of waste generated as a result of works on irrigation and opencast coal mining in central districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
There are presented the results of investigation of total content of rocket fuel's toxic components based on 1.1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in peaty soil, which is typical for the European North of Russia. The influence of temperature and initial concentration of rocket fuel on the processes of UDMH binding by peat and transformation into various products in model media is considered.
On the base of experimental studies of physical-chemical factors influence on decomposition of phenolic compounds in aqueous media, it was developed photochemical reactor of phenol-containing sewage oxidation. This reactor can be introduced into a modular local sewage treatment system that meets the criteria of resource sawing and environmental safety of mining
It is considered the technology of compacting solid household waste into large blocks eliminating the stages of their firmware and subsequent
binding by wire harnesses to avoid their spontaneous destruction during lifting and transportation operations. As a result of computational and theoretical studies and laboratory experiments to determine the dependence of briquette density on the compaction pressure, it is shown that the goal can be achieved when solid household waste will be pressed by conical punch. Experimentally obtained model blocks have strength sufficient for transportation and disposal at the landfill.
ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS
Environmental problems are considered from the standpoint of their impact on economic activity and investment attractiveness of regions. It is proposed stimulation of companies, which are the sources of environmental pollution, to elimination of external effects enabling to form, especially in troubled regions, the complex of service naturerotecting enterprises (environmental cluster), which by its economic nature is an object of investments, a factor of innovative development and a tool for creating new workplaces. The validity of the proposed approach is confirmed by concrete examples of activities of nature-protective enterprises at the Perm Territory.
СОБЫТИЯ. ФАКТЫ
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)