A vortex separator equipped with an axial-vane swirl generator has been developed to enhance separation efficiency while maintaining high separation quality. The efficiency of separation of a gas-liquid mixture in the transverse separation zone of the developed device is investigated . The height of the cross-flow separation zone has been determined, taking into account the specific distribution characteristics of the dispersed phase. The amount of liquid droplet entrainment by the gas flow is estimated depending on the height of the transverse separation zone. . It has been established that when separating large droplets, the cross-flow separation efficiency reaches 99 % only when the height of the separation zone exceeds 2 calibers.

A solution to the problem of environmental monitoring for industrial enterprises using the EcoMeteoCEMS automatic continuous emission monitoring system is considered. The main elements of the system and its block diagram are presented, and its functional capabilities and characteristics are described. The measured pollutants are listed by measurement ranges. The EMET gas analytical complex included in the system and its operating principle are presented. A list of functions of the analytical and visualization levels of EcoMeteoCEMS is provided. A description of the data transmission process is given, including transmission to state environmental monitoring regulatory authorities. The advantages of the system, the permitting document, and examples of industrial implementation of EcoMeteoCEMS are presented.

The results of a study of the process of suppressing cyanobacterial contamination of water bodies using higher aquatic plants (macrophytes) with subsequent anaerobic digestion of the spent macrophyte biomass to produce biogas with a high methane content are presented. The studies were conducted in the water area of the Spassky backwater of the Moskva River. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of using the following macrophyte species is given: narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia), yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus), yellow water-lily (Nuphar lutea), common reed (Phragmites australis), lake bulrush (Scirpus lac. Albescens), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) to reduce the amount of cyanobacteria in a water body (efficiency calculated based on the phycocyanin indicator). It was established that the phycocyanin concentration decreased from 7,490 to 1,250 cells/mL (by 83%) over four months. Experiments were carried out to study the anaerobic digestion process of macrophyte biomass collected in the water body. It was determined that during anaerobic digestion of biomass under mesophilic conditions, the most effective ratio is 75% biomass of higher aquatic plants to 25% inoculum, at which 0.453 L of biogas (58.2% methane) was released on day 27 of the experiment.

It was established that the existing calculation methods for emission inventory based on averaged coefficients do not take into account regional climatic features and the specifics of technological processes, which leads to an underestimation of actual pollution volumes. Using the example of an industrial site in Khabarovsk Krai, a discrepancy between calculated and experimentally measured emission values is demonstrated. The spread of hazardous substances (benzene, toluene, etc.) beyond the boundaries of the industrial site was confirmed. A set of scientifically substantiated measures is proposed, including an improved emission measurement methodology and an effective technical solution in the form of a stationary tank sealing device, ensuring a reduction in fugitive atmospheric emissions, as well as an adsorption unit at operating unloading racks.

The results of studies on the use of thermal power plant reverse osmosis concentrate as a complex binding electrolyte to improve the physical and mechanical properties of stabilized soil are presented. The chemical composition of the reverse osmosis concentrate of Kazan CHP-2 and the water treatment process flow diagram are given. It is shown that the optimal dosage of the introduced concentrate is 0.1 % by mass, providing a compressive strength of 3.10 MPa, a flexural tensile strength of 0.84 MPa, and a frost resistance coefficient of 0.41 after 15 freeze–thaw cycles. The percentage increase in these characteristics was determined to be 30.25, 25.37, and 28.13, respectively. The prevented environmental damage from the discharge of reverse osmosis concentrate into water bodies as part of wastewater for KCHP-2 was calculated.

The migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the "soil substrate – cultivated oat" system was studied. It was established that the toxicity threshold of oil contamination for oats is in the range exceeding 1% of soil mass. It was noted that germination of cultivated oats leads to a reduction in petroleum hydrocarbon content by up to three times and to transformation of oil contamination in the soil. It is concluded that cultivated oats can be used for remediation of oil-contaminated soils, since oat germination activates mechanisms of hydrocarbon biodegradation in the soil, while transfer of contamination to the aboveground parts of plants practically does not occur, which simplifies disposal and increases the prospects of phytoremediation.

The experience of applying biotesting methods to assess the quality of drainage waters from sites of accumulated environmental damage (AED) located within the Gulf of Finland basin is presented. Chemical studies of the composition of drainage waters were carried out. Toxicity was studied using a battery of biotests with test organisms from different taxonomic groups: Daphnia magna Straus, Paramecium caudatum, Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck. A sensitive biotesting method for pollutants in drainage waters was identified, which should be included in environmental monitoring programs when diagnosing groundwater at closed landfills at the conservation stage and disposal sites in the decommissioning phase in order to obtain comprehensive information on the impact of the site on the environment.

A classification of engineering measures for protecting the lithosphere from mining activities is given. The results of studies of ore blasting parameters are presented. Regular dependencies of induced stress parameters are established. It is shown that without achieving environmental sustainability, the activity of an enterprise cannot be economically viable. An ecological and economic model for evaluating the efficiency of operations is formulated. A calculation formula for the effectiveness of implementing environmental protection measures is presented. It is concluded that construction technologies for facilities should take into account the features of tectonic structure within the framework of a geomechanical model of the facility created using a set of geophysical methods.

The results of comprehensive geoecological studies of water bodies formed as a result of mining activities are presented. It was noted that newly formed water bodies are characterized by a wide range of physicochemical parameters and variability in the structural indicators of aquatic organisms. A wide range of pH values (3.83–9.33), total mineralization (106–8693 mg/L), concentrations of chemical elements, and variability of chemical composition were established. Groups of water bodies (quarry lakes, tailings ponds, dump lakes, a flooded pit in the river floodplain and drainage streams) were determined statistically reliably (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05), differing in a number of abiotic and biotic indicators. It was concluded that the obtained results will further serve as a basis for the typification of water bodies in technogenic zones of the Transbaikal Territory.

An assessment of the environmental status of residential areas adjacent to the boundaries of a sulfide-containing waste dump was performed based on integrated modeling of atmospheric pollution factors and public health risks. The near-surface atmospheric layer above the dump surface, adjacent residential areas, and model animals was investigated. Methods of gas surveying and field modeling were used to determine the chemical composition and migration volumes of sulfur compounds, mathematical modeling of their dispersion, and experimental modeling of indicator pathology. Mathematical models of the spatial distribution of sulfur compounds in air flows were constructed; three-component mixtures subject to control were identified; the type of their combined effect and hazard indices were determined; risk pathologies were established. It is concluded that the obtained information can be used to predict morbidity levels of the population under changes in ambient air quality in risk areas.

The problem of utilization of a by-product generated during shungite mining in the form of chlorite crushed stone is considered. It is shown that the presence of the silicate-containing mineral chlorite in the waste provides information on the neutralizing properties of the waste with respect to heavy metal ions; the presence of the mineral shungite predicts the activity of the waste with respect to biological contaminants. The results of studies of chlorite crushed stone in terms of operating capacity of the waste and the dependence of static capacity on impurities in a model solution are presented. The absence of selectivity of the crushed stone with respect to heavy metal ions is proven. The oil sorption capacity of the waste was analyzed with variation in filtration rate, grain size, and concentration of the model solution. A quantitative assessment of the prevented environmental damage is given, provided that the waste is used in a geochemical barrier during the construction or reconstruction of the ballast prism of the railway track.