The adsorption process of anionic synthetic surfactants using a by-product of the energy industry—carbonate sludge from thermal power station water treatment—modified with a binder material (paraffin), referred to as MCSP (Modified Carbonate Sludge with Paraffin), was studied. An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the kinetics of adsorption over time. It was found that adsorption on MCSP occurs within 60 minutes of contact between the wastewater and the adsorbent material. It was noted that adsorption treatment of wastewater using MCSP increases the efficiency of anionic surfactant removal during local treatment, which plays an important role in ensuring the uninterrupted operation of biological treatment facilities. The study concludes that the proposed technology is environmentally safe, utilizes energy industry waste as secondary material resources, and reduces anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment.

A methodology for the physicochemical engineering of shotcrete based on composite cement was proposed. It involves the use of activated and homogenized waste materials (coal ash and construction concrete debris) in a vibratory mill, which allows for the management of the structural formation processes of composite cement through the affinity of structures and the appearance of high-strength new compounds. The mechanism for managing the structural formation of high-density concrete composites was substantiated. This mechanism is based on the complex influence of components of composite cement with an optimized composition and granulometry. For the first time, the dependencies of the impact of production waste characteristics (composition and ratio of initial components, as well as their milling parameters) on the improvement of the performance characteristics of synthesized building materials were evaluated.

An assessment of petroleum product inflow from surface rain and meltwater runoff from the territory of the Ulan-Ude industrial hub was carried out using a calculation-based method for the period from 2020 to 2023. It was shown that the largest amount of petroleum products with diffuse runoff enters water bodies from areas adjacent to industrial enterprises and from areas occupied by modern residential development. Other sources of petroleum product pollution in the Selenga River basin, in addition to diffuse runoff, include unorganized domestic wastewater discharges, in-reservoir processes, inflow from tributaries, and contaminated groundwater.

The results of phytotesting of ash and slag waste from the Apatity CHP plant are presented. It was established that the aqueous extract of the ash and slag waste does not have a phytotoxic effect on the test crop – common oat (Avena sativa L.). At the same time, contact phytotesting revealed inhibitory effects of the waste on the growth and development of higher plants: to a lesser extent for common oat, and to a greater extent for radish (Raphanus sativus). A low probability of spontaneous vegetation over ash and slag disposal areas was predicted, emphasizing the need for modern reclamation approaches or biological dust suppression methods.

The conducted microbiological experiments show that, based on the number of colony-forming units and the amount of biomass, the minimum toxic effect with direct application of 1 and 3 % organoclays or their suspension is characteristic of organoclays with alkyl polyglucoside and organoclays with disodium cocoamphodiacetate. The maximum toxic effect with direct application of 1 and 3 % organoclays or their suspension is characteristic of organoclays based on sodium cocoiminodipropionate and lauramine oxide. The biosensor method of the bacterial test system "Ecolum" has established that the manifestation of toxicity is characteristic of organoclays with sodium cocoiminodipropionate and organoclays with lauramine oxide (T > 20 %).

Based on the conditions and results of laboratory experiments on the cultivation of microalgae (MA) and cyanobacteria in flue gas atmospheres, criteria were justified for assessing the climatic suitability of pilot project sites for scaling up СО₂ capture technologies. The procedure for adapting microalgal strains to growth under high СО₂ concentrations and flue gas exposure was described, along with the productivity of these strains under lab conditions. It was concluded that to reduce energy costs during microalgae cultivation in Russian climatic conditions, the optimal solution is to use the infrastructure of greenhouse complexes with a six-month active production cycle.

Two production methods for the same steel part – traditional forging and wire arc additive manufacturing – were compared. A life cycle assessment was conducted, including production and post-processing stages. Environmental indicators such as energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed. It was found that total energy consumption for the additive manufacturing method was 9390.68 MJ, and greenhouse gas emissions amounted to 289.34 kg CO₂-equivalent, which are 76.88 % and 96.58 % lower, respectively, compared to the traditional forging method.

An assessment was conducted of the impact of mining and agricultural industries on landscape components in the Stary Oskol and Gubkin iron ore districts of the Belgorod region, which form a unified landscape-economic area (LEA) within the Oskol River basin. It was established that due to long-term coexistence of mining and agro-industrial enterprises in the studied LEA, zones of varying degrees of environmental risk (ER) have developed. Their distribution is linked to the presence of risk-forming factors, the nature of pollution sources, and the resilience of the natural environment to anthropogenic pressure. Priority areas in need of ecological improvement were identified. Measures to reduce ER levels in the LEA were proposed, and the necessity of their implementation under the current environmental conditions was substantiated.

The issue of noise pollution, relevant to most large Russian cities, was investigated with a focus on Tyumen. A quantitative assessment of noise pollution levels was presented using both field and algebraic measurement methods. The dynamics of the noise background in the busiest districts of Tyumen were studied. Patterns of noise distribution were identified depending on the time of day and traffic density. Exceedances of the permissible noise levels were recorded in some parts of the city, indicating the need to take measures to improve acoustic comfort for local residents. Possible solutions for reducing or mitigating noise pollution were recommended, including urban planning and architectural approaches, as well as regulatory measures aimed at creating a safer urban environment.

The problem of LUB from pipelines around the world is considered. The current open data on the length of pipeline systems through which oil, petroleum products and natural gas are pumped are presented, both in the world as a whole and in individual regions – Russia, Europe, North America and China. The problem of LUB was analyzed, including their negative impact, expressed in environmental and economic damage, which arises not only from the loss of pumped oil and petroleum products, but also due to the costs of eliminating the spills themselves. The causes of LUB on main and field pipelines are considered separately. It is worth noting the statistics on detected LUB using leak detection systems (LDS).