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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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Vol 26, No 12 (2022)
View or download the full issue PDF № 12 (2022) (Russian)

ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-9 444
Abstract

The scientific research was devoted to the scaling of laboratory parameters of pilot tests. The choice of initial conditions for materials and reagents was considered from the point of view of practical implementation. The results of pilot runs of three target products (carbon concentrate, aluminosilicate product, and magnetic concentrate from the ash of a coal-steam plant) were presented. The article presents a twostage scheme of scavenger flotation to obtain a carbon-bearing concentrate of the required quality. The absence of technological barriers for the industrial implementation of the presented know-how was experimentally confirmed.

10-14 181
Abstract

The article considers an autonomous pilot plant that performs continuous biological wastewater treatment in the event of emergencies at biological treatment facilities, as well as modeling the operation of biological treatment facilities when the composition of incoming wastewater changes.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

15-21 419
Abstract

The Institute of Catalysis of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences has developed high-performance catalysts for producing low pour point diesel fractions, which combine the main advantages of iso- and dewaxing processes. It has been confirmed that catalysts make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly diesel fuels while maintaining a high yield and quality of the target product.

22-27 271
Abstract

The efficiency of copper (II) ions extraction from aqueous media using newly developed sorbent based on chitosan and pyrogenic silicon dioxide has been experimentally confirmed. Kinetic parameters of the process were determined by processing the kinetic curves of copper sorption using models of the first and second order. It was found that as a result of the volumetric modification of chitosan granules with silicon dioxide, the sorption capacity of the material increases to 36 mg·g-1, compared with the granules of the original chitosan (9 mg·g-1). The degree of extraction of copper (II) ions reaches 99.5 % in this case. Infrared spectra and microphotographs of chitosan-silicon dioxide samples of the sorbent were studied. The value of the specific surface of the sorbent was calculated using Langmuir equation, BET and A.V. Kiselev’s methods.

28-32 195
Abstract

The harmful vibration effects of industrial pumps and ways to reduce vibration were considered. The causes of pump vibration were described. The results of experimental studies of pump vibration in real production conditions were analyzed on the example of industrial enterprises. It was concluded that the most significant fluctuations are observed in the low-frequency range. Methods and devices for reducing the vibration of pumps were studied.

33-37 303
Abstract

The results of numerical studies of the utilization of sunflower husk pellets obtained by simulating the air gasification process in downdraft gasifier and subsequent purification of the produced syngas from CO2 are presented. Numerical studies were conducted with varying the air-fuel ratio from 0.25 to 0.5 to define the optimum value of this coefficient to obtain gas of a given quality. It was determined that with increasing oxidizer consumption the calorific value of syngas decreases from 3179 to 1971 kJ/m3, due to the increasing concentration of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and the gasification efficiency increases from 38 to 59 %. The optimal value of the oxidizer excess coefficient for the air gasification of sunflower husk pellets is 0.35.

38-45 412
Abstract

The qualitative composition of emissions generated during the decomposition of waste from trout fish farms in Karelia, determines the ratio of their components, traces the dynamics of changes in the composition of emissions when adding the experimental biological product "Liquidator" was studied. A technique for the identification of highly volatile compounds concentrated on a sorbent is proposed; a sampling method is described using suction tubes with a sorbent in the form of fine-grained glass.

46-51 262
Abstract

The results of the analysis of data on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of beach wrack emissions on the coast of the Baltic Sea within the Kaliningrad Oblast are presented. A technique for using beach wrack in agroforestry activities on the coast is proposed.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

52-56 296
Abstract

The patent literature on the problem of detection of microscopic particles of artificial polymers (microplastics, MPs) in the environment and the technologies for cleaning natural environments from this pollutant was analysed in this work. It was shown that the study of issues related to MPs in the environment is becoming an urgent area of patent research all over the world. The work also summarizes the analysis of patent cohorts on the three following subjects: Technologies for Cleaning Natural Environments from MPs, Technologies for Detecting and Identifying MPs and MPs in Freshwater Ecosystems. Russian research and development in the field of MPs studies in the environment are described. Russian applicants have been found to show low patent activity in the subjects under study. Some practical recommendations on the search for patent information within the stated research topics are given.

57-63 427
Abstract

The list of solutions contributing to the reduction of carbon intensity of the Russian fuel and energy complex was considered. The optimum for the Russian Federation technological scheme of hydrogen production by electrolysis method was identified. It was shown that, by 2040, in case of technological progress, the net present value of plants for the production of hydrogen by alkaline electrolysis will be about 35 K US dollars/kW, plants with a solid polymer electrolyzer – 30 K US dollars/kW, and with a solid oxide electrolyzer – 26 K USD/kW. As a feasibility study for the production of hydrogen by electrolysis with the generation of electricity from wind farms with further use in industrial processes of direct reduction of iron ore for the production of fossil-free steel, as well as a region in the Russian Federation was selected for a pilot project. It was found that, in order to achieve commercial attractiveness of hydrogen production by electrolysis, the minimum amount of state subsidies should be at least 10% of capital costs starting from 2022 with a gradual increase to 20% by 2040 to support the emerging market.

64-71 279
Abstract

The Western experience of risk management at the university is analyzed. The difficulties and problems of implementing this methodology at the university are considered. The main risks of the university and the causes of their occurrence are studied.



ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)