SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
Benchmark results of physical, rheological and biodegradable properties of low (HDPE 273-83) and high (LDPE 15303-003) pressure polyethylene mixture by a factor of 1:1 supported on dried barley grass flour (200 microns maximum) ( 5–30 % by weight) enhanced by compatibilizer of 10 % (method functionalized with ultrathene alkaline alcohol exchange (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer 12206-007) and 1 % processing aid (polyethylene glycol (PEG-115 (4000)). It was concluded that the Young modulus and tensile strength do not decrease significantly with increase in vegetable reinforcement (up to 30 %). To compare the composite properties in terms of biodegradability, moisture uptake, chemical oxygen demand, and weight loss, a 12-month study was performed in laboratory soil. It is shown that an increase in the content of plant reinforcement increases the biodegradability of the composite. Resulting composites can be used in the production of various packaging materials.
Studies on the reduction of aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride were performed to give titanium trichloride. Experimental data on the anodic dissolution of aluminum in 2.5–10.0 % aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride were obtained. It was shown that the reduction of titanium tetrachloride in aqueous solutions increases the pH value and the consumption of the aluminum electrode over the stoichiometric level. It is concluded that it is expedient to use the obtained solutions for wastewater treatment after electrodeposition and effective removal of chromium (VI) compounds at the level of 90–95 % of the stoichiometric amount due to additional effects of coagulation and polycondensation of titanium compounds.
Modifying additives impact – pro-oxidants – on low-density polyethylene oxidative degradation under short-term aging conditions in a thermostat with forced convection at 70 °C and ultraviolet irradiation with different exposures (48, 96, 144 h) was studied. It is concluded that for polyethylene films modified with stearates of metals of variable valence, under short-term aging conditions, the formation of aldehydes (1733–1740 cm-1) and carboxyl (1700 cm-1) was observed and accompanied by a sharp decrease in the intensity of absorption bands at 1465–1470 cm-1, which is specific to stretching and bending deformations of CH2 of the polyethylene polymer matrix and indicating the destruction of polymer chains. It is shown that the short-term aging of oxidatively biodegradable polyethylene affects environmental and technological problems associated with the pollutants release, including in particular, formaldehyde and other pollutants.
A method of obtaining a composite ferrosilicon flocculant-coagulant (FSFC) as a result of acidic modification of slaking steelmaking slag was suggested. It has been determined that the acidic modification of electric-furnace steelmaking slag results in the leaching of basic oxides with the formation of ferric sulfate and silicic acid gel. This allows using the obtained modification product as a ferrosilicon flocculant-coagulant in emulsified wastewaters purification systems. It has been demonstrated that the obtained powdery FSFC at the consumption rate 0.7 g/dm3 provides the emulsion purification efficiency – 99.3 %.
Study results of the effect of reducing the steps of the bleaching scheme hardwood sulfate pulp including oxygen-alkaline treatment (OAT) to obtain chlor-organic compounds in filtrates and cellulose. It was determined that a shortened bleaching scheme including oxygen-alkaline treatment would reduce chlorine dioxide consumption by 48 %, to achieve the requirements of best available technologies for the discharge of adsorbed organically bound chlorine in wastewater and the total organic chlorine content in deciduous bleached cellulose.
A flowing sampling system using a complex branched pipeline is presented. The system function is ensured by the water supply from the averaging collector to the signaling pigs. The flowing sampling system instalation involves some transport infrastructure, namely bridges. Issues related to the peculiarities of the movement of fluid through the bridge supports, which affect the uneven distribution of pollutants in the monitored area, were investigated.
The unique service was performed for treating bottom sediments, including our own licensed developments, in order to reduce the oil content in bottom sediments by 99.8% (or 66 times). Upon the work completion, hydroeсological studies of ecosystem components status were performed in order to assess the effectiveness of water treatment, bottom sediments and monitor the state of living organisms.
The influence of the agrochemicals "Soil Green City", created on the basis of sewage sludge sewage treatment plants of housing and communal services, on the growth and development of flower and decorative culture: marigolds (Tagйtes pбtula). The positive effect of agrochemicals on the growth and development of the test flower and decorative culture has been established. It is shown that the use of this agrochemicals in doses of 2–4 kg/m2 did not lead to an excess of the content in the soil of sanitary and hygienic standards for mobile forms of heavy metals.
ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS
The ecological state of the Pyasina river basin was assessed by the microbiological and chemical composition of surface waters. The waters of the Bezymyanny (Nadezhdinsky) stream, the Daldykan, Ambarnaya, Pyasina, Dudypta and Tareya rivers, Pyasinsky lakes were studied. The content of oil products, sulfate ions, copper, nickel, iron and manganese in water was identfied. The microbiological composition of waters was analyzed and saprophytes, oligotrophic plants, bacteria oxidizing individual hydrocarbons and oil were isolated. It is shown that the aquatic ecosystems of the Norilsk industrial region are exposed to technogenic impact with subsequent local anomalies in pollutant concentrations. The ecological state of the studied reservoirs was determined by the number of saprophytic bacteria.
Studies of the chemical composition of processed waste water mud were carried out. It was concluded that it fully complies with the properties of wastewater mud and is suitable for biological reclamation. Wastewater use as a soil fertility enhancer and crop yields improver was shown. Presentation of the field studies results on the cultivation of safflower, as well as those of monitoring of soil samples for the content of macroelements, organic matter and heavy metals associated with the introduction of sediment as an enhancer. It was proved that after the first year of sludge application, the content of humus and macroelements in soils increases during next three years, as well as the yield of safflower increases.
ECOLOGICAL SAFETY
The main problems in the environmental risk assessment and management are analyzed. The decision on the acceptability of environmental risks and its interpretation are substantiated. Five options for choosing a strategy, their features and the rationale for their choice are considered.
The monitoring system is presented using data from the Alisa-SK receiving station for forest fires in the Baikal reserve. Methods are described, both tested for many years, and developed and implemented recently.
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)