ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS
The basic principles of management of road-building waste of different origin have been presented. The research findings by applying the method of analytical hierarchy have been presented to preliminary evaluate the bio-positivity of the proposed methods of waste management. The research findings in the field of the hydrophysical and physicomechanical properties of asphaltic-cement concrete partially replacing mineral powder by entrainment dust have been presented. The heterogeneous waste processing and recycling project has been proposed.
The scheme of landfill gas collection and the existing options for this gas utilization are described. The chemical composition of biogas macroand microcomponents is considered. The technological scheme of gas disposal at the landfill "Torbeevo" is presented. The landfill "Torbeevo" potential in terms of generating electricity from landfill gas is evaluated.
SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
The findings of comprehensive studies on morphology, physico-chemical properties of sewage sludge, as well as practicalities of its application have been introduced. The sewage sludge used for the research came from the purification facilities of Volzhsky after the preliminary treated by the enzymatic-cavitation method. The morphology and structure of the processed sewage sludge have been determined by scanning electron microscope investigation and X-ray phase analysis. The chemical composition of the processed wastewater sludge have been and tested as an organic fertilizer in the cultivation of the false saffron.
The possibilities of using satellite imagery of modern remote sensing satellites, both optical and radar, to study anthropogenic pollution and the state of the marine environment of the Kerch Strait are discussed. It is shown that satellite data and images allow one to quickly obtain practically complete information about a particular phenomenon and emergency situation in the strait.
The article considers the approaches to building a circular economy based on the example of a functioning Russian industrial hub. Among the features analyzed are the specificities of the industrial symbiosis development of chemical enterprises and material flows that link different technical processes, namely the production of soda ash, lime, salt, and gypsum. This study assesses the pollutant emissions from the new technical processes and the use of accumulated chrome production wastes as secondary material resources. Likewise, the article demonstrates the possibility of direct absorption of carbon dioxide, as a byproduct of lime production during soda ash manufacturing. The study ends with recommendations for considering the aspects for the use of secondary resources in determining the sectoral and inter-sectoral best available techniques. Similarly, it sheds light on possibilities for optimizing the system of technological regulation and general binding rules application for managing insignificant environmental aspects of industrial production.
The analysis of the compositions of artesian waters from the Republic of the Union of Myanmar as a source of potable water production is carried out. The underground waters are characterized by high degree of hardness and content of iron and manganese. Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration corresponding thus to the class of brackish water. Three potential approaches to the development of drinking water production technology are proposed. Technical and economic analysis of the specific operating costs for potable water from artesian resources of Republic of the Union of Myanmar was carried out and the optimal technological schemes of treatment plants were determined.
ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS
In order to determine new technological parameters for reviewing ITS 38-2017, the authors analyse coal properties and techniques for sulphur and ash removal from the stack gases. The technologies of ash purification and desulphurization of gases are analyzed and recommendations for their effective use are given. New technological emission parameters for ITS 38-2017 review proposed and recommendations provided for expanding the list of the Best Available Techniques to be implemented at Russian large combustion plants.
The research on the snow blanket pollution in Chita and its environs has been conducted to determine 29 chemical elements in the snow melt. It has been revealed that there is a direct causality between the pollution degree of the snow aqueous phase and the level of air pollution in the technogenesis environment. While comparing some indicators of chemical elements content and their compounds in snow melt, a critical concentration in the reference sites has been identified. It has been noted that the standard ratios compliance for this phase in the conjoint backgrounds is not always realistic, requires the MPC indicators development for the snow under technogenic impact and consideration of natural geochemical conditions and climatic factors.
The generalized and analyzed experience of reclamation in various federal areas of our country has been presented, as well as this in the Urals Federal District with the lowest percentage of disturbed land regeneration. There has been identified a gradual increase of reclaimed lands, the interconnection of the biggest percentage of reclaimed and disturbed lands in the Urals, Siberian, Far Eastern and Volga Federal Districts, the ratio of disturbed and reclaimed lands by categories with details of reclamations. The information has been analyzed for a long period of time – 1995–2018 to possibly consider the identified trends as reliable. Taking them into account while making management decisions to increase the efficiency of reclamation.
The basic terms underlying the theory of emergency management are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of official definitions are considered, in particular, the data in the law of 21.12.1994 No. 68-FZ (Federal Law), in GOST (State Standard) R 22.0.02-2016, as well as in the number of authoritative foreign sources (Webster's dictionary, encyclopedia Britannica, Cambridge dictionary, Oxford dictionary, documents of the European Commission, etc.). The consequences of the legislative definition of an emergency in No. 68-FZ are investigated. The etymological, epistemological and gnoseological basis of the concepts of emergency, safety and danger, risk and uncertainty are analyzed. There is a great deal of variation in the interpretation of the concepts of safety and danger in sources of different origin and the illegality of mixing or substituting these concepts.
Legal and environmental issues associated with the maintenance of state exploration wells in the licensed claim have been discussed. The causality of the abroad well decommissioning have been stated. General procedure of well decommissioning as part of a major overhaul have been stated. The structure has been analyzed and the research of the exploration wells technical condition of the Kharasaveyskoye deposit have been performed by the airvisual, geodetic and gas analytical study. The conclusion is that the condition of decommissioned and plugged and abandoned wells is satisfactory. The necessity of wells' sites reclamation has been substantiated to stabilize the land forms transformation by managing biofilters and bio-covers on the methanogenic territories.
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)