The design of a high-technology apparatus has been developed with the purpose of intensification of interphase mass exchange and reaction processes occurring in heterogeneous systems. This apparatus generates hydrodynamic conditions that ensure a high degree of turbulence of the fluid flow core. Improved diffuse and kinetic characteristics of these processes leads to a reduction in time heterogeneous system stay in the reaction zone of the apparatus and increase its productivity.

The possibility of effective use of technology of microbiological degradation for recycling of a phytogenesis with receiving biogas and further development of electric and thermal energy on the basis of small-sized gas turbine installation with injection of steam with two-level utilization of warmth is investigated. Settlement indicators of efficiency of GTU with injection of steam and the utilization boiler are given. Lower temperature condition in UVK of condensation type will allow to use less expensive materials for production of the heat exchanger and to increase a work resource. It is shown that when using this technology production of biogas which it can be useful is carried out it is used for complex development of energy that promotes economical, rational optimum use of natural resources with the simultaneous solution of the current problems in the field of protection of the surrounding environment connected with utilization and neutralization of solid municipal waste of consumption and production.

Composite activated carbon BAU-A, silica and kaolin with addition of silver has been synthesized for the purpose of water purification from impurities. The increase in the degree of composite fragments dispersion to nanoparticles after treatment with NaOH with the help of microscopy scanning method has been revealed. Processes of ions Mn2+ sorption from aqueous solution have been investigated. Physico-chemical properties (limiting specific adsorption, selectivity coefficient, distribution coefficiet ) have been established. The mechanism of Mn2+ sorption has been proposed. It shows that when its concentrations is low, then ion-exchange sorption takes place, while at high concentration, the absorption process with ion redistribution equilibrium between the solution and the pore space takes place. The concentration, lower which the sorption clearing reaches MPC has been revealed, as well as the upper limit of the concentration at which the composite preserves selectivity.

The possibility of using agricultural waste – beet chips – in an alternative direction: wastewater treatment from petroleum products and heavy metals. The results of studies on the assessment of oil capacity, sorption capacity for iron(III) ions, as well as the thermal effect when disposing of beet chips thermally are given. The object of the study was beet chips – a by-product of sugar beet processing by Buinsky Sugar Plant LLC. The experiments were carried out in accordance with GOST. Oil capacity was determined by the gravimetric method. The concentration of iron(III) ions was measured by the photocolorimetric method. It is shown that the use of beet chips for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises due to seasonality restrictions will be possible in the composition of sorption blends.

Simulation of iron oxide (magnetite and maghemite) and aluminosilicate (sillimanite and cyanite) deposits formed on the surface of spent ionexchange resins in the process of decontamination of liquid radioactive waste contaminated by cesium and cobalt radionuclides has been performed. A method of deep deactivation of spent ion-exchange resins contaminated by aluminosilicate and iron oxide deposits using alkaline and acidic solutions containing Zn-EDTA complexes has been suggested. The method of two-stage concentrating of cesium radionuclides using selective sorption materials (resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and Thermoxid-35 ferrocyanide sorbent) has been improved. The method advantage consists in using a solution containing EDTA complexes for elution of cesium radionuclides from the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin with their transition onto Thermoxid-35. High stability of the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and Thermoxid-35 in the course of concentrating has been demonstrated. A scheme of deactivation of spent ion-exchange resins, which enables one to decrease the volume of secondary wastes due to utilization of a circulating water supply, has been suggested.

Pilot testing of a microbiological method for disposal of spent hydrocarbon oils (HO) by a previously developed consortium of hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms (HOM): Aquamicrobium lusatiense strain 854/1 (AM884147); Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain HNYM10 (JN 999888), Paracoccus aminophilus strain ATCC 7061 (NR_043242), Gordonia hydrophobica strain DSM44015 (NR_926254), Bacillus pumilus strain ATCC 7061 (NR_043242). When cultivated under flow conditions in liquid mineral medium with spent oil, their population increased from 1,5–2·104 CFU/ml to 5–6·109 CFU/ml, which was accompanied by a significant increase in their enzymatic activity. The effectiveness of biodegradation of oil at its initial concentration of 25 and 50 wt. % was 93–94 % during 60 days. All hydrocarbons in the composition of the oil to some extent underwent microbiological oxidation, and, depending on the structure, the degree of their disposal was 82–100 %.

The method of using rice husk, which is a rice production waste, as a raw material for the production of silicon dioxide as an alternative to synthetic silicon dioxide – aerosil is considered. A low-energy process for extracting silicon dioxide and cellulose from the husk by alkaline digestion in an NaOH solution was proposed, followed by treating the black liquor with an acid solution and calcining the precipitate at 575 °C during 5 hours. The yield of inorganic products from rice husk is determined based on the ash content of the pulp. It was shown that the product obtained mainly consists of silicon dioxide (SiO2) of amorphous structure, has an average particle size of less than 100 nm, which makes it possible to characterize it as nanosilica. At the same time, silicon dioxide consists of 51.7 % silicon and 48.3% oxygen against theoretical amounts of 30.4 % silicon and 69.6 % oxygen, respectively. The output of silicon dioxide is 8.8 % by weight of rice husk. At the same time, the process allows to obtain another valuable nanocellulose product.

The most rational direction of disposal of industrial waste is their use in obtaining products for construction purposes, such as concrete. For the purposeful regulation of the structure and properties of cement mortars and concretes, special highly effective additives-modifiers to concrete are widely used to increase strength and durability. In this paper, it was proposed to use the product disposal of bottoms residues as a hydrophobic additive – a composite material in the form of a fine powder. Disposal products, containing in their composition hydrophobic wax substances and silica-containing sorbents, give strength and water resistance to cement brick due to the manifestation of the acquired property of bulk hydrophobization. By keeping the samples in a solution of Na₂SO₄, the hydrophobic properties of the disposal products were confirmed. Concrete with the addition of a disposal product, obtained on the basis of the decontamination composition CaO:SFDP:spent silica gel, has the best performance.

The technology of a pre-project comparative assessment of alternative options for locating production facilities, developed by the St. Petersburg ecological project company Eco-Express-Service, is presented. Comparison of options is carried out on the basis of a multi-criteria score-rating assessment in two stages: first, the determination and comparison of values of the environmental safety criteria, then a generalized summary assessment across the totality of the criteria. To bring the obtained results into a general comparative scoring, four competitive methods are used, differing in the degree of detail of the accounting for the indicator significance of the criteria and the ratio of different types of object sites. The stages of technology application are illustrated with concrete examples. The main positive effects and advantages of its use are due to the increased environmental safety of construction and significant (by an order of magnitude) savings of the federal, regional and local budgets and investors owing eliminating unfavorable placement options for the object at the early stages of development.

The data of studies of forest reclamation carried out by the Borodinsky open-pit mine on the territory of rock heaps are given. The results of the interpretation and processing of satellite images, which set the dynamics of the formation and development of the plant ecosystem in areas with forest reclamation, are presented.

The results of the study of hydro geochemical features and assessment of the quality of groundwater in the watercarrying complex of the Upper Jurassic sediments of the southwestern regions of the Crimean Peninsula for drinking and agricultural water supply are presented. Pressure stratalfissured and fissure-karst waters are confined to the Middle-Oxford-Kimeridzhsky aquifer. It was established that in the studied region fresh groundwater is developed with a total mineralization of up to 1 g/dm³ and lower than HCO₃-Ca, HCO₃-Ca-Mg, more rarely HCO₃-Ca-Na and Na-Ca composition with the first being dominant. The highest quality groundwaters are characterized by HCO₃-Ca composition with a total salt content of up to 0.6 g/dm³. They have been studied within the Rodnikovsky section of the West-Crimean groundwater deposit. Waters of satisfactory quality are characterized by HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃-Ca-Mg composition and were found in wells located near the villages of Rossoshanka, Orlinoye, Plotynnoye and Golubinka. Low-quality water was determined in the wells of the villages of Sokolinoye and Chernorechye, north-west and north-east of the Rodnikovsky water abstraction.

The safe disposal of highly mineralized runoff in the development of indigenous diamond deposits in Western Yakutia is the most important task of ensuring a favorable geo-ecological situation in the region. Using the example of a large experimental material collected at the industrial site of the Udachninsky mining and processing plant, PJSC ALROSA, the geoecological situation in the area of underground drainage water disposal sites was assessed. Under the conditions of a complex and dynamic cryohydrogeological situation on the background of an increase in the volume of water inflow into the mine workings, the excess of the capacitive capabilities of the reservoirs of the storage tanks of the brine can lead to serious geoecological problems. Markers that identify the effects of highly mineralized water on the main abiotic components of the region's ecosystems – soil, bottom sediments and surface water – are strontium and lithium.