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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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Vol 20, No 8 (2016)
View or download the full issue PDF № 8 (2016) (Russian)

ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-11 634
Abstract

The perspective direction of solid municipal waste management system development is the recovery that involves the raw products into the product and raw material cycle. The mentioned direction requires the existing waste landfills reconstruction into the waste recycling complexes with the additional structures construction. The free areas lack limits the reconstruction possibilities and determines the necessary construction location only on the surface of solid municipal waste landfill body. Thus it is necessary to take into account the landfill ground characteristics as the potential basis for the construction and business activity. In the present paper the method of geo-ecological evaluation of derelict lands is suggested taking into account ecological assessment of their influence on the geo-environment and the landfill bodies structural behavior. The research materials of the structural behavior of landfill bodies as the technogenic engineering and geological elements are presented.

12-19 712
Abstract

Development and implementation of continuous monitoring systems and reporting of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere is in line with the new environmental legislation of the Russian Federation is mandatory for all industrial enterprises that have a significant negative impact on the environment. At present there are no regulations governing the processes of design and operation of such continuous monitoring systems at heat power plants. There are considered the main areas that need to make the content of that normative document (standard). It's development and implementation will allow to unify approach to creation of continuous emission monitoring systems and significantly simplify its practical adoption for industrial enterprises.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

20-27 683
Abstract

There was demonstrated the relevance of protecting the biosphere from the most common man-made air pollutants – fine dust, both natural and anthropogenic origin. There was proposed methodological approach to the description of the process (separation) of solid particles from a gas stream entering the separation zone. There was developed a mathematical model and a program for calculating gas-dynamic process of separation of fine dust in the centrifugal inertial dust collector by methods of computing experiment. There were made full-scale and computational experiments. There was developed technical documentation of the dust collector with capacity from 500 to 40,000 m3/h.

28-31 632
Abstract

There was made processing of rawhide and skin coat sheepskin with innovation technologies. There was demonstrated the possibility of significant reduction in water consumption and water removal by using innovative technologies. There was made a comparative analysis on water consumption in comparison with the technology employed in the present time. It was found that introduction of new technologies will reduce the water consumption for tanning and far-liquoring of 1000 kg of rawhide 2 times and eliminate water consumption for tanning and farliquoring at tunning of skin coat sheepskin. Herewith the quality of the finished product complies with regulatory requirements.

32-37 626
Abstract

Methane emissions for the gas industry are the largest on the capacity. At the same time, the sources of methane emissions are unique, applicable only in the gas industry – non-stationary in time, high-velocity-and low temperature. Today, mathematical models describing these emission sources do not exist, and therefore, does not exist and the models correctly describe the dispersion of methane in the atmosphere. In this paper, a mathematical model describing the process of blowing natural gas storage equipment through the level of vent pipes. The mathematical model calculates the gas at the exit indicators suppositories which can be used further as input-valued information mathematical model of the dispersion gas in the atmosphere.

38-43 717
Abstract

It was considered the problem of technical and thermal effects of modern synthetic materials at elevated temperatures, which may be at the time of the emergence and development of a fire in the domestic sector. Given literature data show the relevance of the consideration of the issue. With using GOST methods were obtained combustibleness and flammability performance from three samples of synthetic coatings that widely used in everyday life. With using the modern methods was studied the composition of the gaseous and solid thermolysis products for ten polymeric and composite materials. Based on the results of the study assessed the toxicity and flammability and identified sample (oil cloth on the basis of polyvinyl chloride), which is the greatest danger. There were laid down parameters affecting on fire, flammability and toxic properties of samples.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

44-48 701
Abstract

The possibility of using 2 test kits – the display on the basis of the characteristics of lichens and bioassays based on luminescent bacteria for rapid assessment of the state of air pollution in the example area in Shchelkovo district, Moscow region. The number of detected lichen species, the classes of their resistance to pollution and changes in the morphology of lichens thalli and cell diameters of lichen photobionts and toxicity of tree bark in the allocation of lichens was estimated.

49-55 623
Abstract

Natural adsorbents usually attributed rocks, which pre-have minerals with high adsorption, ion exchange, catalytic and filtering properties. On the territory of the Far East revealed, partially time-vedano deposits of such specific types of non-metallic materials like zeolites, diato-mitov and tripoli, bentonite, perlite, alunite, brucite summarised within their development on the edges and areas. In the article the adsorbent properties of specific types of deposits of physical, chemical and technological methods of their processing to produce marketable products and their prospects of practical applicability for environmental purposes. In practical and experimental conditions established effective impact of the natures of various adsorbents in processes environmental remediation of soils and waters contaminated with ra-radionu clides, vopr, for the treatment of drinking water from surface sources, and for other purposes of reducing the contents of harmful and toxic substances to the maximum permissible contamination level of their.

56-63 765
Abstract

There was undertaking a study of сchange Lysimeters trace elements composition of soils, which occurs in 49 years in city under the influence of atmospheric precipitations and vegetation. There was observed decreasing of acidity, increasing of the organic substance’s content, trace elements and heavy metals in the surface layer of soil. Maximum accumulation of heavy metals is observed in the litter at a depts 2 – 15 cm. Zn content in a woody vegetation at 18 – 20 times higher than in original loam under herbaceous vegetation at 14 – 16 times, while plants without soils – at 5 times. The difference in the extent of accumulation of heavy metals in the soils under the model phytocenoseis and soils without plants is determined by the accumulation of biogenic and bring due to dust settling on the leaves. Elements content in the dust exceeds the content in the original loam at 100 – 300 times for zinc, 15 – 65 for lead, 5 – 41 for nickel, strontium at 10 – 40 times at different periods of time. The composition and quantity determine the extent of the amount of dust accumulation of elements in soils. In the plants of model phytocenoses indicated an increased content of heavy metals, but still defensive abilities restrict intake of excessive flow of heavy metals in plants.



ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)