The paper scrutinizes technogenesis in the context of human industrial activity in natural resources development and the creation of social and economic infrastructure

on the Earth. The rapidly growing antagonism between technogenesis and the society requires the elaboration of a new strategy of modern civilization development based on keeping the balance between the human economic activity and the environment protection. Some problems arising from technogenesis development are analyzed, and it is shown how the environmentally friendly economic activity may be managed. As an example, the seismic and engineering geological zoning of Moscow is described, which was aimed at “fitting” items of the technosphere to the natural conditions and at optimizing the interaction between the engineering structures and the environment. The problems in surface- and groundwater conservation, assessment of natural risks upon land development, as well as industrial and domestic waste treatment are discussed. The cases cited witness to the necessity of developing the scientifically grounded policy of human technogenic activity based on the principle of technogenesis-environment coevolution.

Thermal methods of heavy metals recycling in the process of different organic waste neutralization are analyzed. Distribution of elements between the metal, slag and flue gases is presented. Different technologies of high temperature melting of fly ash (fuel-fired, plasma and arc melting) and their energy consumption and economic parameters are described. The chart for arrangement of the centralized toxic fuel dust neutralization is presented.

Parameters of treatment facilities by three groups were analyzed: small with capacity up to 5 K cu.m. a day, medium – up to 15 K cu.m. a day, and big – more than 15 K cu.m. a day. The analysis is aimed to determine technological steps, which determine the cost, area and required design electric capacity of the facility as a whole. The analysis revealed that for big facilities these are aerotanks and utility facilities; for medium facilities – aerotanks, sump tanks and utility facilities; for small facilities – primary settlers, aerotanks, utility facilities. The ways of technological steps improvement are formulated.

A range of process solutions in the field of industrial waste recycling was reviewed. A technology was suggested for red muds disposal in aluminium industry by their introduction into iron-ore agglomerates and pellets. The comprehensive waste-free technology was considered for the red muds recycling with the use of rotary and ore thermal furnaces and obtaining of cast iron (ferrosilicon) and alumocalcite slag for cement production. A variant of the joint recycling of two industrial wastes was suggested for red muds and greasy rolling mill scale. Efficiency of the comprehensive environmentally safe technology of vanadium-containing converter slags processing ensuring production of higher-purity vanadium pentoxine and manganiferous products was experimentally confirmed. A recycling technology for niobium-containing fumes at electron beam remelting was suggested with obtaining of ferroniobium or chemical niobium-containing concentrates. A method of exhausted transformer oil utilization in the blast-furnace process was justified with the method of thermodynamic modeling. The possibility to use the slags from the secondary aluminium production as the slag-forming materials at secondary refining was assessed.

Important aspect of ensuring environmental safety during underground space development is the use of environmentally friendly construction materials and structures. Assessment of the materials environmental compatibility is carried out based on accounting of their actual ecological cleanness, which is determined by presence of harmful substances therein. With regard to wider application of high molecular polymer compositions, studying the nature of the toxic substances migration from fencing and load bearing structures based on polymers was highlighted. Main criteria for assessment of the polymers environmental compatibility in underground construction were presented. The levels of this migration were revealed. The tool for assessment of the mixtures quality and optimization of their formulations based on the function of desirability is presented.

Practicability of aerobiotic microbiological dung fermentation at poultry farms for production of biofertilizer with multi-functional action spectrum and solving of environmental issues in the field of industrial poultry farming is shown. Ways of the fermentation processes optimization are discussed, qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora during organic matter decay are analyzed.

The comparative analysis of technical and economic efficiency of the existing ways of transportation of municipal solid waste provided in article showed that any of them doesn't meet ecologic-and-economic requirements of delivery of large-tonnage streams on distances, big 100 km. For increase of profitability of transportation of municipal solid waste on long distances proposed the new combined scheme of delivery with use of both automobile, and railway transport is offered. As showed model economic-mathematical calculations, costs of export of identical quantity on identical distance in the offered combined way below costs of transportations so-so tonnage and/m transport by 6,56 times, largely tonnage — by 2,25 times, and by rail — by 1,08 times. Thus the combined way completely keeps the existing city system of export municipal solid waste. The existing railway systems in the cities allow forming structures, and placement of stations for recharge of municipal solid waste is possible at nodal cargo stations of railway highways out of the residential zone.

Requirements for chemical analysis of substances and materials are briefly formulated. Approaches to satisfaction of growing needs in determination of composition for different objects are considered. It was shown that potential of methods and means of chemical analysis allows solving the tasks of non-destructive or remote analysis, analysis without laboratory (field analysis). Examples of continuous analysis in flow and local (distributed) analysis are given. It was pointed out that analysis of environmental samples requires a new methodology, for example, a wider use of integrated indeces, two-step analysis, apart from a wider automation.

Questions of the analysis of mutually co-ordinated interdisciplinary problems of a heritage of industrial development and maintenance of ecological safety in connection with influence of their factors on national safety state on the basis of the risks concept of dangerous processes occurrence are considered.

The article is devoted to the problem of modern Russian Federation environmental safety. Main reasons and consequences of the problem are analyzed. The differences of danger evaluation approaches between native MАC (maximal acceptance concentration) method and internationally accepted risk method are considered. The role of photosynthetic organisms as an integral indicator of the environmental safety level is defined. It is shown that many safety problems lie in the legal framework that ignores quantitative estimates of the safety level, the level of necessary and sufficient safety, the concept of acceptable risk and international risk management experience. Possible ways to resolve the crisis are shown in the article.

Negative noise influence to the population health may be significantly amplified in combination with other physical factors (vibration, electromagnetic fields etc.). Principles of noise influence estimation in combination with other physical factors are discussed. Acoustic comfort in urban areas cannot be completely separated by other factors influencing the quality of life. Results of combined estimation of noise influence for the territory of Togliatti city of Russia are presented. At the same time a model for analyzing and designing global comfort in urban polluted areas is considered, with particular reference to some experiences developed in Florence, in the frame of the Noise reduction plan and of a more wide policy of participative design of urban areas.