Methodological approaches to the development of technology of deep dehydration of wastewater precipitates and excess active sludge are presented. It is established that the effect of ultrasound positively affects the physical properties of cellulose materials, and the moisture percentage in the initial material is reduced. The ultrasonic effect is also widely used in adjacent branches of science and technology to intensify the separation of emulsion solutions. Main regularities of the influence of the degree of dehydration and neutralization of waste from municipal treatment facilities on time and intensity of the effect of elastic vibrations emitted by means of ultrasonic dispenser are investigated. The technology of deep dehydration of the mixture of wastewater precipitate and excess active sludge, which is implemented by means of modernizing the standard dehydration scheme of waste existing at the most of enterprises of the municipal complex, is proposed.

The process of residuals formation in wastepaper mass treatment processes is analyzed. It is established that the main residuals flows are the waste of synthetic polymers forming at the stage of wastepaper preparation and purification as well as wash water of fiber and starch forming at the formation stage of the paper sheet, during ingress of which into the industrial wastewater, the pulp and paper sludge is formed due to the biochemical purification. A model of solution acceptance based on best available technology (BAT) principles is presented. Based on the proposed model, an ecologically oriented complex of technical solutions is developed. The formation of wastewater with high fiber and starch content is minimized by 20% on average due to the application of retention system of fiber and starch in the paper sheet. The resource and energetic potential of the pulp and paper sludge formed due to the purification of wastewater is used by means of its partial recirculation in the production process, thermal neutralization with heat production, or application as the burning additive when producing the ceramic bricks. The resource and energetic potential of wastepaper mass preparation residuals is used by means of pyrolysis with the formation of the pyrolysis fuel mixture (the yield of about 40%), technical carbon (the yield of about 10%), and insignificant amount of metallic inclusions subjected to recycling. Approaches presented in the article can be used when developing the resource-saving technological schemes of handling the waste for productions applying the wastepaper as the feedstock for the fabrication of the commercial product.

When producing ammonium fluoric salts, NH+4 ions, the concentration of which can vary in a broad range, enter the acidic wastewater. The peculiarity of wastewater that is formed at enterprises for production of ammonium fluoric salts is its inconstant composition dependent on the assortment of fabricated products, which should be taken into account when developing the technical solutions for their local purification. We present the results of investigations into the reagent and sorption removal of ammonium ions from the acidic production wastewater of fluoric salts. The possibility is established to purify the wastewater by a reagent oxidizing method using the sodium hypochlorite solution as the oxidizer; and the optimal reagent ratio, contact time, and reaction conditions are determined. The removal of ammonium ions from the wastewater applying the natural sorption material—clinoptilolyte of the Kholinskoe deposit—is investigated. Process conditions with the use of the mentioned sorbent are determined and the results on applying regenerating solutions are presented. The flowchart of the two-stage removal of ammonium ions from the industrial wastewater including the preliminary purification with oxidizer and deep additional purification using the natural sorbent is presented.

More than 20 000 t of carbonizate of excess active sludge is formed due to the introduction of the system for the thermal neutralization of excess active sludge at enterprises of the petrochemical complex. The possibility of using the carbonizate, the production waste of excess active sludge of biological treatment facilities of the petrochemical complex, as the carrier to immobilize the microorganisms with the purpose of acquisition of biosorbents applied in nature conservation technologies, is presented. Carbonizate corresponds to demands that are made to the carrier for the immobilization of microorganisms by its mechanical and physicochemical properties. The process flowsheet for the biosorbent production based on carbonizate and hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms is presented. The possibility of using the carbonizate-based biosorbent in the bioremediation technology of the work-in-progress (WIP) is proven and an increase in the purification efficiency of the WIP by a factor of 1.7 compared with traditional bioremediation methods is established. The process flowsheet of purification of the oily soil using the biosorbent based on the carbonizate of excess active sludge is presented.

The results of the investigation into the determination of the stages of the living cycle by the example of waste disposal objects of the Perm krai using the physicochemical methods of analysis are presented. Indicator characteristics for the evaluation of the degree of decomposition and stage of waste biodegradation relative to the age and variation over the disposal depth are presented: pH, BOD5/COD ratio, and organic carbon/ash content. The biodestruction stages of waste with the disposal age of 1–3 years, 2–6 years, more than 10 years, and more than 30 years are determined. It is established that the BOD5/COD ratio at used polygons of solid domestic waste (SDW) and dumps is 0.45–0.54 and more, at reclamated polygons—0.21–23, and at closed polygons—0–0.15. A decrease in COD and BOD5 in the water extract of waste, organic carbon content, and ash content in waste are revealed with an increase in the disposal time and over the depth of waste disposal. Based on the selected indicator characteristics for the evaluation of the stage of the living cycle of SDW disposal polygons, we can predict the emission potential of waste and develop technical measures for a decrease in the negative environmental effect of SDW polygons.

The paper raises the question of dust and gas emissions treatment process after the thermal destruction of fuel cells. It shows the results of physical and chemical methods of studying the composition and structure of alumina contained waste. The search for sludge treatment technology has been done, the laboratory unit has been developed and the basic technological scheme for cleaning and production of final product from waste has been carried out.

When performing rectification and sorption processes, one method to increase the energy efficiency is the use of modern contact facilities, which makes it possible to increase the productivity of industrial installations and to lower the prime cost of the unit of the ready product. In recent years, various designs of such facilities possessing a rather high heat-and-mass exchange efficiency appear. They have disadvantages such as a high hydraulic resistance, low efficiency, and complexity in fabrication and repair. The application of jet-bubble contact facilities that we developed will make it possible to prevent the ungrounded increase in the energy consumption in column apparatuses. The question of the scale transition is also solved in this case, which will make it possible to develop the apparatuses of any specified productivity without efficiency lowering. The article represents the results of the investigation into the determination of optimal constructive parameters of the contact facility.

Prospects of using the local feedstock base at coal thermal power stations with an efficient technological structure of environmental safety are analyzed by the example of the Kamchatka krai. The necessity of active reduction of the anthropogenic effect on the environment is shown in the comparative aspect of abiotic and anthropogenic ecological factors. The calculated characteristics by emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from the steam-turbine power-generating unit using coal of the Krutogorovskoe deposit are presented. Possibilities of implementation of the flowsheet with the coal gasification and steam-gas installation based on the synthesis gas are considered.

The influence of green microalgae and cyanobacteriae on the variation in the content of pollutants in wastewater sampled from treatment facilities of a timber processing complex is investigated in a model experiment. It is shown that the inoculation of studied strains leads to a decrease in the content of phenols, phosphate ions, iron, and total nitrogen in wastewater. An indigenous strain of the Acutodesmus obliquus microalga, which was isolated from the biomass of active sludge, is recommended as the most promising biological agent to increase the wastewater purification efficiency.

Adsorption of EDTA on calcite depending on the EDTA concentration and pH of the solution is investigated. It is established that adsorption enhances when decreasing pH of the solution being rather efficiency in neutral media as well. The adsorption efficiency is weakly acidic media makes it possible to solve a problem of corrosion loss of steel equipment due to lowering the concentration of mineral acid when removing carbonate scales.

Microorganisms—organotrophs, which inhabit in the natural medium, negatively affect the industrial and economical metal constructions and initiate their corrosion damages. Corrosion of metals under the effect of bacteria—organotrophs—starts from their adhesion to the metal surface and formation of a biochemical structure, which is determined as a biofilm. The formation of E. coli bacteria on local fragments of low-carbon and galvanized steel during the exposure of the samples under study on a dense feeding medium inoculated by E. coli bacteria is established by scanning electron microscopy. A biofilm provides close contacting of exometabolites with the metal surface. The enhancement of corrosion on the fragments of biofilm formation is revealed. The role of exometabolites such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxide ion, which are isolated by bacteria into the surrounding medium, in initiating the corrosion process is shown.

The necessity of the development of a modern system for personnel training in the controlling field of nature management and environmental safety is discussed. The system includes various levels and directions of the general and professional education and is based on advanced scientific-and-practical achievements in the sphere of controlling risks and providing safety of social-and-economic and sociopolitical systems. A 20-year experience of the Department of Controlling Nature Management and Environmental Safety of the State University of Management (Moscow) on the development of the “Science–Education–Personnel” self-regulating system in the field of controlling risks, nature management, resource saving, and provision of environmental and economical safety based on the “Baccalaureate–Magistracy–Postgraduate Study–Doctoral Candidacy” complex.