The article is devoted to the analysis of the structural changes impact in production to environmental conditions changing over a 25-year period. There were selected several time steps with different manifestations of environmental impacts as a result of industrial action and identified basic patterns of reaction to changes in the environmental situation in the Russian industry structure compared with the OECD countries. There was identified the effect of human impact on the dynamics of investments in environmental protection and in the basic technologies. For the country as a whole is weakened dependence of the contamination level from the level and dynamics of economic development as a result of modernization processes in the industry, which has been the leading source of anthropogenic influence in the Soviet period.

We previously reported the creation of the bioindication system of quality of natural waters used for the preparation of drinking water with the help of limnetic mussels, cardiac rhythms of which substantially depend on the variation in the chemical composition of these natural waters. The question on threshold concentrations, at which bioindication in the described system is implemented, remained unclarified. In this study, due to obtaining the large volume of the experimental data, threshold concentrations for various toxicants, including heavy metals and organophosphorus pesticides are revealed. The optimal temperature range for normal vital activity of mussels in conditions of the used system is established.

The effect of landing the stages of Proton launch vehicle based on monitoring the investigations in period of 2002–2013 in impact zones of first and second stages as well as ecological consequences of emergences are considered. It is established that a modernized type of the Proton-M launch vehicle substantially weaker affects the ecosystems of impact zones of first stages compared with the Proton-K launch vehicle. A minimal mechanical and pyrogenous effect on ecosystems, chemical pollution of ecosystems by components of the rocket fuel, and their transformation products is mentioned in impact zones of second stages. The largest environmental damage is done in the case of emergences at the initial stage of the flight of the carrier rocket; the character of the effect is determined by the destruction type of the construction.

The solid waste disposal object of Moscow oblast and adjoining territory are investigated. Migration of pollutants entering with filtration waters from this object; which are detected in soils, waters, and bottom sediments of the watercourse of the adjoining territory; is investigated. It is shown by a separate example that the soils fulfill important habitat-forming (regulating) functions—functions of protective and buffer holocoenotic screen regulating the qualitative water composition. The question important of rational nature management is considered for the first time—the evaluation of ecosystem functions and ecosystem services of natural systems. It is proposed to introduce the notion of production services acquired from the use of ground areas having the production attractiveness, which is resulted in amenities acquired by human. The found information on the object and ecological state of soils, waters, and bottom sediment of the watercourse on the adjoining territory can serve the component when making up the maps of ecosystems and ecosystem services of the Moscow oblast. The results of evaluation of ecosystem functions and services can be used for the development of the algorithm of actions on the rational use of natural resources.

General data referring to the wastewater purification problem after car washing are considered. A standard technological flowchart of wastewater purification after car washing with its separate disadvantages is presented. A new technological flowchart of wastewater purification after car washing, the use of which makes it possible to arrange compactly the equipment smaller by size that the previously used one, is proposed. In addition, the use of a module-block variant of the arrangement of equipment is proposed.

Wastewaters containing toxic organic substances can cause the pollution of surface and underground water objects. Organic substances entering the composition of wastewaters and nondegradable by microorganism are dangerous for the environment. Usual biological methods of purification are inapplicable to them. We consider efficient and economically reasonable methods and mechanisms of purification of industrial wastewaters in regards to hardly soluble organic compounds, the base of which is determined by working out of oxidants. These methods are generally called as Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) and Advanced PhotoOxidation Processes (APOP). It is shown that an increase in efficiency of mineralization of organic pollutants contained in wastewaters can be attained when using the photo-Fenton technology (UV/H2O2/Fe2+).

Based on theoretical notions, a structure of the molecule of the inhibitor of salt deposits and corrosion, which provides an increase in its consuming properties and resistance during storage, is designed. An inhibitor with a previously specified structure is synthesized and its operational properties are studied. The prepared product—sodium nitrilotris(methylene phosphonate) zincate tridecahydrate—surpasses domestic and foreign analogs by efficiency. It represents the water-soluble transparent crystals. This inhibitor does not dampen and not become caked during storage and transportation. The manufacturing technology of the inhibitor from domestic feedstock is developed.

The application of steam-assisted gravity drainage to produce superviscous oil requires the preparation and utilization of a large amount of water. The use of water
with impurities of superviscous oil for holding the formation pressure at deposits developed by traditional methods has technological and economical limitations
since the need in injection is absent, while its pumping-over to remote territories is very costly. In order to decrease the effect on the surrounding medium
and economize considerably volumes of sweet water of terrestrial water sources with impurities of superviscous oil after the corresponding purification and preparation,
it is proposed to use it repeatedly for steam production. Purification problems of water with a high content of hydrogen sulfide and superviscous oil products
for its further use in a boiler house are considered. The results of pilot tests for verification of technological solutions on removal oil products, hydrogen sulfide,
hardness, and alkalinity are shown.

Efficiency of applying the electromagnetic radiation in treatment technologies of wastewater sediments is subjected to the detail investigation. We proposed a treatment method of sediments by microwave electromagnetic radiation to improve the properties: to decrease the volume and humidity, to improve the waterloss
properties, to eliminate the odor, and to disinfect. We present the technical-and-economical characteristics and experimental data, which indicate the possibilities of using the microwave electromagnetic radiation in treatment technologies of sediments.

The evaluation of the anthropogenic effect to the environment when breaking the ships to scrap is currently very topical since rather many ships worked out their operational resource, while the fleet needs the renovation of its transport base. Main environmental risks appearing when breaking the ships are described. Environmental risks are evaluated in conditions of normal functioning the ship-breaking production and in emergency situations associated with the destruction of hull constructions in order to determine a complete complex of possible negative consequences for the environment and human health.

A new SV-1-AO enterosorbent based on gaizes of the Astrakhan oblast and antioxidants from the water extract of potato is prepared. It is established that this enterosorbent actively deactivates hydrogen peroxide in a temperature range from 5 to 40°C. Activity of enterosorbent lowered by 15% for 360 days at 5°C and by 5% at minus 12°C. Biological tests showed that the SV-1-AO enterosorbent possesses the clearly pronounced antioxidant properties.

The content of certain chemical elements including rare-earth and radioactive ones in the ash of poplar leaves is investigated in order to establish the natural and technogeneous geochemical specialization of diverse urban systems with a developed transport–industrial infrastructure. Such methods of investigation as the biogeochemical indication method, instrumental neutron activation analysis, and statistical treatment of analytical data are used. Contents of 28 chemical elements in representative samplings of ash of leaves at the territory of ten cities of Kazakhstan, Southern Siberia, and Far East of Russia are determined. Geochemical associations of chemical elements for cities with various industrial specializations are established. It is proven that the ash of poplar leaves is an objective biogeochemical indicator of acting industrial specialization of urban systems. Numerical indices of accumulation levels of certain chemical elements can be used with the goal to norm the urbanized territories with different anthropogenic load.