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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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No 12 (2013)
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ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-8 519
Abstract
There were considered matters concerning creation of combined flotation machinery – flotation combined machines. There were presented designs of different options foe creation of combined flotation machinery. There was showed that such machinery have improved operational characteristics in comparison with flotation installation. There was given example of combined flotation machine roll-out for sewage treatment on the plant for production of household appliances. Data of trials of this equipment are meeting with standards setting out on this plant.
9-13 596
Abstract
On the base of starting tests results for Selective non-catalytic reduction system of stack gas cleaning from nitrogen oxides for boiler P-50R of power plant with capacity 300 MWt, Gubkin University and OJS All-Russian Engineering Institute proposed upgrading of SNCR-technique through using of reducing agent input scheme into high-temperature zone of boiler. The aim upgrading is efficiency raising of stack gas cleaning, stabilization of cleaning under variable loads of thermal generating units and combustion of different fuel types, as well as decreasing unreacted ammonia slip.
14-19 958
Abstract
There was performed analysis of adjustable Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tubes operation in low-temperature gas conditioning at field facility as well as in the plants for waste gas purification of chemical industries, which usually is flaring. That technique allows for not only decrease losses of associated gas, but returns desired products into chemical engineering, thus improving environmental and economic performances of main processes. There were demonstrated advantages of adjustable vortex tubes because of its constructive simplicity and thermodynamic efficiency. There were given examples of design for vortex tubes capacity’s control unit, and showed advantage of single-nozzle inlet, in comparison with multi-nozzle inlet. There were data of vortex tubes operation with different modifications and optimal control unit, including under sound and supersonic discharge from nozzle.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

20-23 646
Abstract
There was considered one from the most promising methods of petroleum residues detoxication – the method of reagent encapsulation. There were examined original characteristics of petroleum residues. There were defined elements, exceeding Maximum Permissible Concentration, Tentative Allowable Concentration for different soil types. There was offered use fly ash of CHPP as modifying additive to calcium oxide. Fly ash contains silicon and aluminum oxides that allows improving quality of obtained capsules. There were offered optimal proportion of reagents for effective detoxication of petroleum residues. There were examined characteristics of capsules, obtained during detoxication of petroleum residues. There was showed that with increasing of carbonization time adverse impact capsules on the environment is decreasing. On the basis of carrying out researches there was offered using obtained capsules as building materials and additives to potting soil. There were determined the main technical and physical characteristics of building materials on the base of obtained capsules.
24-28 554
Abstract
There was offered the method of measurement of petroleum products’ mass fraction by means of direct spectral approach, without preliminary samples handling as alternative to traditional approach. In this study were obtained spectrum of disrupted total internal reflection of pattern sample of clean and contaminated potting soil in the mean infrared band, at variation of oil and water content. By means of projection method on latent structures was developed a multidimensional calibrated model, which allows determine petroleum products concentrations from spectrum of disrupted total internal reflection. For assessment of modeling accuracy was applied method of cross-check (cross-validation). For adaptation given model to practical usage will be need its upgrading with new, including real samples, properties of which could be fluctuate in more wider limits then in pattern samples.
29-31 476
Abstract
Problems of analysis and of estimation of ecological risks in conditions of urban territories are considered. There was offered information analysis system for conduction of integrated assessment population health risk under the conditions of urban lands. Developed software allows obtain data not about probability of different disease propagation from priority chemical and physical factors and relate it’s on the map, but evaluate its integral impact, taking into account its synergy. on the example of city district Togliatti.
32-36 361
Abstract
For carrying out processes of complete removal of organics, nitrogenous compounds, phosphates in standard schemes of biological treatment there is need significant amount of time for wastewater treatment (up to 14-20 hours), that leads to plants expansions, and therefore extension of space, allocated for wastewater treatment plant, increasing of activated sludge concentration, energy consumption for air delivery in aeration chamber. For decreasing of operation and capital costs, increasing of pollutants removal on the biological treatment stage, there was offered using of heterogeneous metal-complex catalysts in the shape of reticular modules. This solution, as opposed to alternative methods of biological processes augmentation (usage of membrane techniques, carriers of attached microbial flora, increasing of oxidation capacity, for account of additional capacity of blower), allows decrease producing cost of wastewater treatment, right size operating personnel, withdraw from usage of expensive reagents, that leads to decreasing of producing cost unit of wastewater treatment.
37-39 542
Abstract
There were analyzed conventional methods of polluted lands decontamination, recognized the main environmental and economic disadvantages of known methods. For cleaning of industrial areas, contaminated with organic products of production, in particular aniline,  was proposed method of biological reclamation when using sludge of biological treatment plants of the same enterprise. There were defined characteristics of environmental safety securing when using sludge of close done an enterprise: sanitation and epidemiological safety and heavy metals content. Analysis of active sludge samples and potting soils from contaminated are showed that heavy metals content not exceed standards, established in Russia and EU. For justification of allowable dose of introduced sludge, taking into account heavy metals content, was performed calculation of theoretical allowable introduced sludge. In accordance with research data, optimal dose of sludge for reclamation not exceeds calculated allowable dose. When using sludge in specified quantity adverse impact on environment is minimized by means of compliance with the requirements on heavy metals content.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

40-45 471
Abstract
The aim of conducted researches is development of the main methodological principles of optimization of material, energetic and informational waste streams on different hierarchical levels (enterprises, population centers, region, inter-regional level) for increasing of environmental, economic and social waste management efficiency. Researches were conducted by the example of existing in Perm Kray system of generation, disposal and transfer of production and consumption waste. As an example of count realization were considered options of implementation and realization of waste account. There were developed methodological principles of creation of waste of production and consumption account transfer on different levels on the basis of hierarchical system of its elements, tasks and mechanisms of state and regional regulation, activities of business enterprises on waste treatment, realization of which is possible with usage of modern means and methods of automating and with considering level of IT technologies development. There was examines branch of waste treatment for Perm Kray, from the viewpoint of streams of generation, detoxification and disposal of waste, distinguished main streams of waste, defined main issues of sector, directions and tasks of modernization of regional waste management system. There was conducted testing of proposed methodology by the example of Perm Kray enterprises as individual elements in hierarchical system under creation, optimization and automating of account of different levels waste.
46-49 1271
Abstract
There were considered environmental aspects concerning to manufacturing of marketable polymeric material for modern industry, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate (PET). There were represented data about the World and Russian market conditions for this material consumption, as well as considered possibilities of further development for its market channels. There were considered possibilities for PET production’s technology process, as well as terephthalic acid manufacturing at the one of large enterprises of Russian polyester complex – OJSC “POLYEF”, affiliated with SIBUR Holding. There was examined the main equipment, methods and measures on objects of ecological interest’ protection, developed and applied at the enterprise. There was introduced the evaluation of enterprise impact on the environment, among other things, on ambient air, soil and water bodies. There were considered possibilities of waste treatment, which generated during PET manufacturing, as well as PET-packaging, with receiving of secondary PET under minimum amount of resources.
50-55 577
Abstract
There was conducted analysis concerning mechanochemical, biological and sorption treatment of oily wastewater efficiency. There were recognized regularities of transformation and removing organic compounds during different stages of treatment. There was established existence in the content of treated wastewater bio-resistant organic compounds, going in route through all stages of treatment. There was pointed out inhibiting nitrification processes during the biological treatment stage, because of combined effect of two main factors: shortage of easily oxidable organic compounds and existence inhibiting components. Data of conducted gas chromatographic analysis testified, that wastewater, transferred on the mechanochemical treatment stage, distinguished by complex composition, including 179 individual organic matter, at the same time total concentration of organic matter is order 24 mg/l. According to treatment quantity of polluting components decreasing to 2, containing organic impurities 0,05 mg/l (after sorption treatment). There were defined directions of further researches on intensification of wastewater treatment plants for oily wastewater, for the purpose of enterprises’ environmental risks decreasing and achieving effluent quality comply with requirements for discharge into fishery.
56-61 753
Abstract
There was presented analysis of sewage sludge (SS) reuse methods, existing in domestic and overseas practice. There were proposed methodological approaches to development of SS management strategy. There were developed criteria of methods treatment SS choice, taking into account possibility of maximum use of its energetic and resource potential. Conducted analysis of literature data and own researches allow pointed out, that most promising direction of SS treatment is thermal destruction by means of pyrolysis or direct combustion, render possible ti obtain products or sub-products, requested on the market.

ECOLOGICAL EDUCATION

62-65 454
Abstract
The main aim of this article – development of environmental literacy by means of program evolution for environmental education within of framework of project “Green Office” implementation on the enterprise. Inadequate attention to environmental education leads to many incorrigible mistakes in the field of production, science and all business activities. At present, a simple environmental thinking is insufficient. Pressing task is development of ecological world outlook with every man, irrespective from his professional activities. For that end there is need multilevel education on the environmental base, ecologization of knowledge. Development of society towards improvement of environmental awareness of man allows shift to a new stage of civilization development, sustainable development. There was demonstrated history of sustainable development concept’ evolution in Russia, considered legislative and scientific basis for application of sustainable development approaches. There was defined the point of “Green Office” project in the series of tools for implementation of pollution prevention strategy. There were offered process model of “Green Office”. There were described stages of planning, the main modules of developed program for training of personnel to the point: “Concept of Greenpeace “Green Office” for industrial enterprise”. There were denoted advantages of personnel training within a framework of implemented “Green Office” project for enterprises.


ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)