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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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No 9 (2013)
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ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-7 1574
Abstract

There were examined the new high-efficiency methods for remote sensing monitoring of natural environment components on the basis of unpiloted aircrafts. There were presented performance of Unpiloted Aircrafts (UPA) used for different tasks. For carrying out of different media's monitoring was offered to use complexes on the basis compact UPA of helicopter or aircraft type, equipped with attachments, such as digital camera, video camera, thermal imagery camera, konimeter, gas analyzer, radiation dosimeter. There were developed monitoring systems with use UPA for areal, point and linear sources of environment pollution, allowing promptly and withhigh accuracy define levels of ambience pollution at different altitudes, construct three-dimensional models of air pollution, and outline man-made pollution area in different media. Conducted study is demonstrated that the use of the new methods of remote sensing monitoring allows increase the oper-
ational capability of observation under decreasing of carried investigation's working cost.

8-11 728
Abstract

Renewable energy source cold help resolve a problem of environment pollution in electric power industry. The main renewable energy sources in Russia are hydropower plants, bioenergetics, wind power engineering, and geothermal energetics. There was given estimate of wind-driven power plants in this paper. Wind power generators are influenced on climate, lands, and fauna, interfere radio noise and are noise source. There was undertake a study of wind-driven power plants' level noise's dependence on distance from source, for wind driven power plant with capacity of 500 – 3000 KWT. The calculations were demonstrated that on distance for 300 meters the level of noise decreasing to allowable level for residential houses, health care facilities, schools and rest houses.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

12-15 489
Abstract

There were presented results of researches on comparative ecological and economic evaluation of extraction and sorption schemes for discharging beta lactam antibiotics. The comparison was carried out on the following criteria: method of applied organic solvents recovery; possibility of process effluents decontamination; severity of exposure of still bottoms, forming during regeneration, on environment. There was showed that sorption techniques of beta lactam discharging from process fluid have both engineering and environmental advantages, in comparison with extraction techniquein as much as allows reduce by 3, 5 times volume of used acetone, in comparison with total volume of butyl acetate and butanol, applied in extraction technique; reduce by 3,5 times energy demand on acetone regeneration, in comparison with identical technique of butyl acetate and butanol regeneration4 reduce by 4,5 times costs for purchase of organic solvents for sorption discharging of native penicillins: increase by 10 per cents yield of semi products for further beta lactam synthesis.

16-20 342
Abstract

There was offered innovative geologic technology of underground mining of ore on deep workings, based on combination of upward method of metalliferous deposit mining and underground benefication. Through the example Estyunin iron-ore deposit (Sverdlovsk Region) there was developed conceptual flow chart of geological technology, including drilling-in by leaded stem and level crosscut (height of lift), preparation and coal mining, ore benefication on underground dressing plant, back fill of exhausted stall by mill tailing, upraise tradable concentrate. There was demonstrated that in spite of increasing of volume of capital mining
operation, offered technology is cost-effective and could provide substantial reduction of negative impact on the environment due to full or partial excluding of placement on the surface of the tailing storages, tailing dumps and other environmentally facilities.

21-23 445
Abstract

There was demonstrated that source of secondary raw materials for zinc recovery are a dust from copper and steelmaking and zinc cake. The most value from indicated products present follow metals: zinc, lead, tin, copper. According to value of valuable components in raw materials, the most value has dusts from copper smeltery. There is reasonable treat stated products by means of volatilization method in tube furnaces (). High content of halogenides and arsenic complicates zinc recovery by hydrometallurgical method from waelz-fume. There was offered for harmful contaminants removal as the most reasonable method baking. Taking into account volume of generated volume, the most potential for zinc recovery has dust of steelmaking. Throughout the world proportion of zinc recycling is 30 per cents, and in Russia only 4 per cents. Therefore there is need modernization of existing method of Waelz process and fume baking, from the viewpoint of volume growth of zinc recycling for home industry.

24-29 1134
Abstract

There was proposed usage of acidification method (prefermentation) of crude bottom at primary settler for removing from it easily oxidable organic substances, improving of activated sludge's oxidizing properties and increasing of denitrification efficiency, de phosphotation in the process of biological treatment at operating wastewater treatment facilities, designed for petroleum refinery's wastewater treatment together with municipal waste waters. There was demonstrated positive impact of acidogenesis products on increasing efficiency of denitrification and de phosphotation's processes without use of additive anoxic and anaerobic zones at existing biological treatment facilities.

30-33 476
Abstract

The manufacturing of ceramic materials is one from the most material-intensive branches of national economy. Therefore rational use of fuel, raw materials and other natural resources become decisive factor of successful development in the conditions of conducted economic reform. In this regard application in ceramic
materials production waste gains particular actuality. From the waste of Fuel and Energy Industry were received light-weighted (heat-insulated) and high-strength bricks without application of natural traditional materials with high physical and mechanical performances. The use of fuel and energy industry waste is contribute rational nature use at the expense entrainment of waste into manufacturing of ceramic materials, creation of energy and resources conserving techniques for building materials production, rational structure of consumption of building materials in construction, by means of substitution of natural traditional materials by production waste.

34-37 342
Abstract

For assessment of innovative products' implementation (polymeric thermal foil) under Federal Program on waste management on the enterprises participating in these programs, there is need building the Data systems on collection of monitoring results of ecologic state in situ of landfill-sites construction, for the purpose of emerging of updating into output products' performance capabilities, providing ecological compliance.

38-40 457
Abstract

The symbiosis of animals and beneficial microorganisms plays important role in adequate performance of animals and birds' organisms as well as in genetic potential of productivity. At present, there is actively developed the use of symbiotic not only as antagonist of pathogenic microflora, but as lysine producers, i.e. essential amino acids, which is found in structured tissue proteins and zymoproteins, and it is important driver of biologically wholesome feeding, contributes to digestion improvement, plays important role in skeleton formation, increasing of agricultural monogastric animals productivity (poultry and pigs). Such symbiotics used as alternatives to expensive synthetic lysine (lysine monohydrochloride), primarily, imported production. In this work are presented results on development of a new symbiotic preparation and application of it in broiling farming. There was demonstrated possibility of synthetic lysine substitution on symbiotic preparation, and it's using substantially accelerated poultry growth and increases feed conversion, increases slaughter weight, in comparison with application of synthetic lysine in existing broiling farming.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

41-45 465
Abstract

The clinical picture of damages during fire by combustion products of some constructing materials is not corresponds to often declare intoxication by carbon dioxide and sweet damp. On the basis of instrumental survey of thermal destruction's products of self-xtinguishing polystyrene foam samples was demonstrated that cause of people's mass destruction could be homogenous compounds, emerging under pyrolysis of Organohalogen compounds, which are added into polystyrene foam as fire retardants. There were presented results of study of self-extinguish polystyrene foampyrolysis process and products of its oxidizing destruction. There was manifested that pyrolysis of polystyrene foam, containingOrganohalogen fire retardants, inside the atmosphere of air is responsible for forming in products of high toxic Organohalogen compounds, one from which is cyanoformic chloride (phosgene gas). There were offered additives to polystyrene foam that allows suppress forming of toxic compounds under oxidizing pyrolysis.

46-51 472
Abstract
There was considered operation of shaft units for plasma treatment of Radioactive Waste (RAW). Comparison of stimulation results for plasma treatment of RAW at “Pyrolysis” Unit with experimental records allows conclude that composition of pyrolysis gas, carried from furnace shaft, is forming principally at smelter; by doing so, content of components at gas is approximate to thermodynamically equilibrium. Demonstrated possibilities for management of composition and properties of pyrolysis gas under technological parameters change allows over the longer term develop more ecologically and economic efficient techniques of RAW plasma treatment. In particularly, the management of pyrolysis gas composition, including in real time operation, allows construct sufficiently small and not expensive units for plasma treatment of EAW, which could be located on operating NPP.
52-56 474
Abstract
There was presented analysis air conditions and quality in Kemerovo-City. There was made assessment influence of industrial enterprises on environmental situation, in particular heating enterprises. The assessment made based on results of observations and sample collection at fixed monitoring station of Kemerovo-City during period of 2006 – 2009. There were identified the main causes of high level air pollution.
57-61 364
Abstract
In Part 3 of Work “Ranking Industry and Realities of “Green Economy” of Russia” there was considered possibility and advisability of use of Adjusted Net Savings Index (ANSI), approved by The World Bank initiative in 200 countries for assessment and ranking positioning of Russian regions. There was noted that ambiguity concerning to interpretation of selected criteria for resources exhaustibility and their mapping with current market prices as reliable and indubitable index of eco-economic situation at certain regions, having natural resources with different market important and market prices dynamics. There was carried out intercomparison of ANSI with other societal investigations in Russian regions, and ultimately, health of population and livelihoods’ satisfaction. There was did not founded reliable link of such analyzed societal investigations with ANSI. Uncertainty of regions-donors’ positioning of Federal Budget with substantial ratio on natural resources’ seizure and regions-consumers of budgetary funds doesn’t allows conduct alignment of its in integrated ranking listing ANSI. Additional examples confirmed expressed consideration, will be examined in concluding article of series.


ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)