The method of recycling of hydrogen fluoride production wastes – acid fluoride – by processing it into environmentally safe building materials – acid fluoride finishing panels (PANO) is proposed. A continuous laboratory unit designed to produce PANO sheets from neutralised acid fluoride has been developed and tested. The detailed technological scheme of the whole process is presented, including preparation of raw materials, moulding of products in the given geometrical parameters, as well as their subsequent ageing until the required performance characteristics are achieved. The main constructive solutions of the unit are described, due to which the uniform distribution of the initial mixture is achieved. It is concluded that the proposed technology contributes not only to the expansion of the resource base of the construction industry due to the secondary use of technogenic raw materials, but also to a significant reduction in the overall ecological load on the environment.

The effect of sonoplasma discharge on the bacterial-fungal complex of microorganisms during the treatment of irrigation water from a greenhouse was studied. New data have been obtained on the resistance to sonoplasmic treatment of species of microorganisms typical of greenhouse wastewater, including those that pose a danger to plant pathogenesis. It is concluded that The sonoplasma discharge treatment of greenhouse irrigation waters is more effective in eliminating bacteria than mold fungi. It is shown that the inhibitory effect on the propagules of microscopic fungi is directly proportional to the frequency of treatment.

Two methods for obtaining cellulose from Miscanthus giganteus based on sequential treatment of raw materials with dilute solutions of sodium hydroxide and nitric acid to obtain pure cellulose and cellulose with a residual pentosan content of 11% were developed. The papermaking ability of pure cellulose and cellulose with pentosans was analyzed and the latter showed a significant increase in breaking length, bursting resistance and deformation parameters. It was found that the addition of 5 and 15 % bacterial cellulose to pure cellulose increases the papermaking properties of the composition, while the addition of 5, 10 and 15 % bacterial cellulose to Miscanthus cellulose reduces the air permeability of the blended paper by 1.4, 2.0 and 2.8 times, respectively.

A qualitative assessment of the biogas potential of organic wastes generated during the application of various methods of cyanobacteria control in water bodies is presented. Experiments have been carried out in the water area of the Moscow city backwaters using different organic substrates: barley straw, suspension of microalgae Chlorella kessleri, submerged higher aquatic vegetation, air-water macrophytes and chitosan. During the digestion process, the percentage of methane in the generated biogas was monitored. It is shown that the highest percentage of methane is formed during digestion of air-water macrophytes, namely, narrow-leaved hornwort (Typha angustifolia), marsh iris (Iris pseudacorus), yellow pond lily (Nuphar lutea), common reed (Phragmites australis), lake reed (Scirpus lac. Albescens), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). It is noted that in addition to the biogas produced, anaerobic digestion of organic waste produces compost, which can be further used as biofertiliser.

The choice of the sludge utilization method at the object of accumulated ecological harm, formed as a result of biological treatment of wastewater from the enterprise for the production of protein-vitamin concentrates (PVC), which functioned in the period from 1973 to 1994, was substantiated. Promising ways of utilization of PVC sludge — biocomposting and solidification — were established. It was confirmed that the results of biocomposting are achieved by using oil-oxidizing biopreparation Rhoder. As an agent for solidification the most effective reagent was quicklime at a content of 10% by weight.

The life cycle of the proposed ways of polymer materials recycling was assessed. Three scenarios for the recycling of polyolefins and rubber from used tyres are considered: the basic one – incineration, as well as traditional pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis under pressure. For each case an inventory analysis was performed: quantification of input/output streams, development of a material balance sheet and life cycle diagram. The environmental impact of technical solutions was analysed. It is concluded that incineration is unacceptable for both types of waste. It is found that the method of slow pressurised pyrolysis has the lowest risks of environmental impact.

The results of experimental studies assessing the effectiveness of the combined use of biological preparations-oil destructors ("Glaukoil" and "MD") and humic preparations ("Gumi" and "Ecorost") for the bioremediation of gray forest soil contaminated with diesel fuel are presented. It has been established that in the presence of humic preparations the efficiency of microbiodestructors increases significantly. It is noted that the most effective is the combination of the biopreparation "MD" with the humic preparation "Ekorost". It is concluded that this approach allows not only to significantly reduce the concentration of diesel fuel in the soil, but also to partially neutralize the toxic effect of the pollutant in relation to soil microbiota, which is expressed in an increase in the activity of cellulolysis and proteolysis.

The results of long-term researches of the actual problem of recreating the productivity of the lands disturbed by the development of mineral raw materials using bioremediation for the creation of coniferous forest plantations are summarised. The conclusion is made about the success of plantation afforestation of woody plantations with the use of rostivin on the reclaimed area with the use of bioremediation, including zeolites, biochar and biohumus, obtained from spent blocks of common oyster mushroom. The scientific novelty of the proposed composition is confirmed by the Russian Federation Patent.

A quantitative assessment of the efficiency of wastewater treatment is given. It is shown that treatment plants effectively remove nitrogen-containing components from wastewater through a chain of transformations from urea to nitrate: CO(NH₂)₂ → 2NH₃ → 2NO₂^-→ 2NO₃^-, however, at the same time, the wastewater from the grate to the discharge retains a high concentration of sodium chloride, which ends up in the rivers, and the concentration of which increases in river water by 5–10 times as the river flows from the source to the mouth. The effect of river bicarbonate dualism was established: the studied Eurasian plain rivers were divided into two groups according to the content of bicarbonate ions: the concentration of [HCO₃]^- in river water is either – 3 mg-eq/dm³ or 5 mg-eq/dm³, irrespective of the river scale, sampling location downstream, river geography and other factors.

The organisational mechanism of emission reduction at modernisation of diesel locomotives is proposed, including corresponding procedures of rationing, ranking and stimulation, which is based on the ranking estimations of emission indicators formed taking into account national and regional requirements to diesel locomotives. The environmental friendliness ranks of the modernised diesel locomotive are defined: satisfactory – if its emission indicators meet the national standards, good – if these indicators meet the national or regional standards of the countries of advanced diesel locomotive building, and excellent – if these indicators meet the best world environmental standards. Calculations of environmental friendliness ranks of domestic and foreign diesel locomotives modernised with the help of this kind of research and development are given. The results obtained were used in developing a concept of the system of environmental requirements for locomotives of ‘Russian Railways’ JSC.

A comparative analysis of small-scale power generation plants in terms of the carbon footprint of the produced electricity is presented. The feasibility of implementing small-scale generation plants for power supply of industrial enterprises was assessed on the example of Perm Krai. It was determined that the carbon footprint of electricity produced by gas turbine plants and power plants based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) (using hydrogen) can be lower than the carbon footprint of electricity, provided that hydrogen obtained from low-carbon sources of electricity is used. It is noted that the use of biofuels in power plants based on SOFC will also significantly reduce the carbon footprint of generated electricity (up to 90 g CO₂-eq./kW·h).