Consideration has been given to obtain activated carbon from waste products of hazard class III which is hydrolyzed lignin. The possibility of obtaining microporous tenacious carbon sorbents based on lignin using waste products from the carbonization process was demonstrated. The dependence of the parameters of porous and microporous structures of activated carbons based on lignin on the technological features of the production process was assessed. Illustration of effect of introducing small amounts of inorganic additives into the feedstock using phosphoric acid as an example on the porous structure and adsorption properties of the resulting activated carbons. The influence of advanced activation on the number of specific pores was demonstrated. The burning optimal degree of activated carbons from a specific raw material was identified to obtain a sorbent with a developed micropore structure and tenacity equal to the commercial activated carbons.

The problems of wastewater treatment of electroplating industries from heavy metal ions are considered . The prospects and relevance of the sorption method of purification are shown. The results of a study on the use of dust from metallurgical industries for the extraction of hexavalent chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, and cadmium ions from the washing water of galvanic productions are presented. The possibility of intensifying the deposition of suspension particles in a settling tank, the polymer bottom of which is equipped with electromagnets, is shown. The parameters of processing the extracted sediments into anticorrosive pigments have been determined. An experimental batch of MA-25 paint was prepared on the basis of pigment from sorption purification waste. The properties of the resulting coating were investigated and it was found that it complies with all the standards imposed on this brand of paint except for color.

Studies have been carried out on the development and testing of organomineral fertilizers using Black Lion fly larvae and glauconite clay as components of citrogypsum, zoocompost. The effectiveness of fertilizer was evaluated on the example of tomatoes, by studying the survival rate of seedlings and yield indicators. It is proved that the use of waste from various industries to obtain organomineral fertilizers will not only contribute to the development of the agricultural complex, but will also free up areas for the development of urban or agricultural territories, as well as reduce the negative impact on the environmental situation in the area of storage facilities.

A critical analysis of existing technologies to reduce the toxicity of oil-contaminated soils is presented . It is noted that carbonate capsules of oil in soils in the natural environment decompose under the influence of precipitation (pH ≤6). New technologies of non-carbonate encapsulation are proposed, in which water-insoluble crystallization centers are formed in the matrix of contaminated soils, around which capsule shells mature and grow, isolating oil droplets with the soil. It is shown that reagent encapsulation technologies in combination with phytoremediation make it possible to restore oil-contaminated soils. It is determined that the encapsulation process prevents the harmful effects of oil on the soil and groundwater. It is shown that the seeds of various plants grow approximately equally in both encapsulated and pure soil, whereas they die in soils contaminated with petroleum products. It is concluded that plants assimilate the petroleum hydrocarbons contained inside the capsules, using them as a source of energy and carbon. That is, over time, the oil products inside the capsules may completely disappear, and the soils will be reclaimed.

Scientific research was carried out on the marine water and bottom sediments of the bay in the 2018–2021 period to determine the technogenic impact of coastal activity objects on the level of anthropogenic load. New data were obtained on the concentrations of the main pollutants in the marine water and bottom sediments: petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorine-organic pesticides, heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn). There is a tendency to gradually increase the content of pollutants in comparison with earlier data. A high content of petroleum products in bottom sediments directly in the water area of the port of Nakhodka, and organochlorine compounds in the estuary of the Partizanskaya River was found.

Studies were carried out to experimentally substantiate the production of cement composite building materials based on liquid lignosulfonates (LCL). The chemical composition, physicochemical and physico-mechanical properties of liquid lignosulfonates and high-alumina cement have been studied. The method of mathematical planning of the experiment and modeling established the optimal composition of the composition. It has been established and substantiated that when obtaining lignocement compositions, the interaction of lignosulfonate with the components of aluminous cement occurs, which is accompanied by an increase in the hydrophobicity of the obtained compositions and, accordingly, a decrease in the water absorption capacity of the samples. It is shown that the obtained lignocement compositions have a lower density in comparison with foam blocks, i.e. the developed method makes it possible to obtain a lighter building material with high strength characteristics and moisture resistance.

Evaluation of the influence of the composition of liquid sulfur-alkaline petrochemical wastes on the survival of biological test systems – daphnia (Daphnia magna Straus) and algae (Scenedesmus guadricauda (Turp.) Bred.). It was revealed that the effect of individual waste components within the studied concentrations on the level of toxicity was insignificant, and the main indicator that determines the toxicity of waste was hyperalkalinity. It was found that if the upper range pH value of the waste is limited to 10 and this standard is met, the waste can be classified as hazard class IV.

Comprehensive studies of dust emissions were performed and the dust components profile of the main sources was determined using industrial example. Based on the results of dispersion calculations and a study of the quality of atmospheric air in the adjacent territory, the share contribution of the enterprise to the total air pollution was identified and priority (marker) substances for production were identified. Conclusions were drawn about the reliability of using the dust emission profile as a tool for assessing the actual impact of the enterprise in terms of monitoring, standardization and quotas.

Laboratory simulation of pollution with chromium (VI) oxides of 11 main types and subtypes of soils in the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus was carried out: ordinary chernozems (Och), leached soil (Ls), podzolic soil (Ps), modal soil (Ms), redzina soil (Rs) , dark gray forest soil (Dgfs), slightly unsaturated brown forest soil (Subs), mountain-meadow soddy soil (Mmss), soddy-torfy soil (Sts), chernozemic soil (Chs), mountain meadow steppe soil (Mmsts). Impact analysis of 100, 1000 and 10000 mg/kg of chromium on the most sensitive and informative indicators of soil conditions (number of bacteria, enzyme activity, plant growth and development) and ecological functions of soils were performed. Regional ecologically safe concentrations of total chromium in the studied soils were established: Chs – 85 mg/kg, Ls, Och, Dgfs, Subs, Sts – 110 mg/kg, Rs – 115 mg/kg, Och – 120 mg/kg, Mmss – 125 mg/kg, Ms – 135 mg/kg, Mmsts – 140 mg/kg. Predictive deterioration maps of the biological state and violation of the ecological and agrarian soil functionality in the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus in case of contamination with concentrated chromium were developed, indicating a very high environmental hazard of chromium.

Advantages of using peat gel in comparison with untreated peat to reduce the toxicity of soils contaminated with oil products were shown. Biotesting has shown that using 5 % peat gel on a dry basis produces the same effect as 50 % pure peat. It is concluded that soil and environmental protection technologies based on soil treatment with peat gel are characterized by low consumption of biosorbent and effective reduction of toxicity.

The issue of technogenic mercury pollution of aquatic ecosystems in urban areas of Moscow was considered based on the sampling data of aquatic plants, amphibians and bottom sediments of the water bodies under study. Quantitative assessments of the mercury distribution in wild life and inorganic nature components of 33 water bodies of Moscow in both protected areas and beyond. Information was provided on the average percentage of mercury in some components of freshwater ecosystems. An excess of the average ecotoxicant concentration values in the in duckweed family (24 ng/g dry wt), amphibians (177 ng/g dry wt) and bottom sediments (57 ng/g dry wt) in the territory of Moscow was revealed versus bulk earth and background values. A significant correlation of mercury concentration for the natural components under study (R>0.4) was identified.

Quantitative screening results of microplastics content in waters of some Russian rivers of different watersheds (Tobol, Tom, Tura, Irtysh, Ishim, Vyatka, Kama, Chusovaya and Pechora) are presented. The identified secondary forms of microplastics prove the contribution of plastic waste to river pollution. To better assess the intensity of pollution, the nature and sources of microplastics carried by Russian rivers, spatiotemporal studies are recommended.