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Ecology and Industry of Russia

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Vol 25, No 2 (2021)
View or download the full issue PDF № 2 (2021) (Russian)

ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

4-7 483
Abstract

A brief substantiation of the proposed innovative technology for the utilization of polymer components of municipal and industrial waste with the receipt of elements of building structures is presented. Along with the utilization of polymers, the proposed technology provides for own utilization needs in fuel gas, as well as for the production of building structural elements and hot water for heating and hot water supply. The process of obtaining structural elements is accompanied by crystallization of their polymer component, which increases their mechanical strength and durability.

8-11 647
Abstract

The study of the spent acidic pickling solution (SAPS) processing is presented. The solution is formed in the process of etching titanium products with hydrochloric acid. The processing includes the stages of neutralizing the SAPS with alkali, filtration and drying of the titanium hydroxide precipitate, electrochemical processing of the filtrate containing sodium chloride in an electrolyzer with ion-exchange membranes. The electrolysis process produces sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The proposed scheme for processing the SAPS makes it possible to obtain titanium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Titanium hydroxide can be used in various industries. Alkali can be used in the SAPS neutralization process. Hydrochloric acid after the adjustment is suitable for use in the etching of titanium products.

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

12-17 411
Abstract

The properties of trauma-safe coatings produced in natural conditions without the influence of pressure and temperature based) on crumb rubber obtained by baro-destructive technology (compression or compression with shearof processing are considered. Dependences of the strength and durability of the coating on the methods of producing crumb rubber and the methods of its processing, as well as the influence of the fractional composition of crumb rubber on the strength of samples of trauma-safe coating made without pressure and with different binder content, have been revealed. The optimal composition of crumb and binder has been determined. The use of the optimal composition of trauma-safe coatings in the real sector of the economy has been confirmed.

18-22 472
Abstract

The regularities and mechanism of adsorption of dimethylformamide and dimethylamine by industrial activated carbon in their joint presence from aqueous solutions are considered. The characteristics of equilibrium adsorption, the limiting stage, and the mass transfer coefficient have been determined. The main parameters of the adsorption column process and the mode of continuous cleaning are calculated by the method of mathematical modeling.

23-27 503
Abstract

The technology of obtaining solid electrolytes by mechanochemical method with subsequent cold pressing from inexpensive common clinoptilolite rocks and ionic salts – sodium and ammonium hydrophosphates at varying ratios of the initial components and the duration of mechanical activation is presented. Their physical and transport properties, namely, true density, hygroscopic humidity, specific surface according to Tovarov, volumetric electrical conductivity were found. Promising samples for further research were created, recommended for use as solid electrolytes.

28-33 400
Abstract

The results of studies of the practice of use in the construction of residential facilities located next to power lines, mesh metal materials, which have the shielding ability On the example of mesh metal materials (iron, aluminum, copper) used as a shielding material together with the roof of a building and in external walls, indicators reflecting the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding are obtained. Also, according to the results of the study, it was found that when shielding an electric field of industrial frequency, it is important to take into account not only the material from which the screen is made, but also its.

34-40 576
Abstract

The results of the study of the fractional composition, physicochemical and sorption characteristics of technological calcium carbonate and glauconite are presented. It is shown that the fraction of technological chalk with a particle size of more than 0.125 mm absorbs the greatest amount of oil and gasoline. The oil is better absorbed by the fraction of chalk with a particle size of 0.1–0.25 mm. For glauconite, oil sorption increases with decreasing particle size. The complete absorption of oil on the solid surface by the glauconite sorbent occurred within 2 min and about 10 min by the carbonate sorbent; the recovery rates were 99% and 90%, respectively. The best results in terms of the degree of water purification from oil were shown by a carbonate sorbent with a particle size of more than 0.125 mm – 83 % and glauconite with a particle size of 0.045–0.1 mm – 90% with an oil film thickness of 0.5 mm. The degree of water purification from oil was 80 % for the carbonate sorbent and 93 % for the glauconite one with an oil film thickness of 0.5 mm. With an increase in the thickness of the oil and oil films, the degree of water purification decreases.

41-47 604
Abstract

The main environmental risks in the area of landfills are considered, all aspects of their technological reclamation using waste from the Baikal PPM are discussed. The data on the creation of soil and grounds using lignin-destroying microbiological preparations are presented. The final stage of the remediation of the Solzan landfill is the creation of cadastral maps 8, 9, 10 modern forest nurseries on the site, protected by flood and mudflow protection structures.

48-53 610
Abstract

A technology of processing chalk from the Lebedinskoye deposit into high quality lime by roasting in a rotary kiln is proposed. A procedure has been developed for the thermodynamic calculation of the specific heat of decomposition of carbonates contained in chalk. The material and heat balances of the operating rotary kiln have been compiled. All the main parameters of its operation and the optimal fuel consumption for chalk processing have been determined.

ANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSIS

54-59 309
Abstract

A generalized analysis of the concept of "biodiversity" used in social practice of ecological movements is presented. The position is expressed about an extremely narrow interpretation and perception in society of mainly commercial and political goals, using the methodology of the "zombie economics" of the modern world order. Public data on biodiversity loss over the past half century and the need to correct their perception taking into account other sources have been assessed. The need was expressed to form an expanded understanding of biodiversity on the planet in a form accessible to every inhabitant within the limits of his natural environment in the process of work and life. It is proposed to use it within the framework of environmental education programs and the formation of environmental culture among the population.

60-65 490
Abstract

Based on the analysis of official statistics from the Voronezh Hydrometeorological Service, the patterns of the dynamics of pollutants (formaldehyde and soot) are investigated depending on the combination of various meteorological parameters — air temperature, wind speed, relative air humidity. A positive relationship has been established between the increase in atmospheric pollution with formaldehyde and air temperature. With increasing wind speed and relative humidity, the concentration of formaldehyde and soot in the atmosphere of the city, as a rule, decrease. The maximum permissible level of carcinogenic risk to public health has been established, causing concern. The obtained patterns can be used to predict the level of technogenic pollution of the city’s atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions.

66-71 470
Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the expediency of 5g electromagnetic networks development. The authors based their analysis on official documents: the Concept of creating and developing 5G/IMT-2020 networks in the Russian Federation, issued by the Ministry of communications of the Russian Federation, authoritative international reports, publications of the Expert magazine prepared by supporters of the 5G networks development, and publications of authoritative peer-reviewed international journals. The authors describe the advantages and adverse consequences of 5G networks development. They offered their own classification of the advantages of 5G networks development by dividing them into explicit, implicit and hidden. Special attention is paid to the potential possibility of 5G networks to provide police functions, in particular, to provide all aspects of total surveillance of any person. The latest scientific articles and reports of 2020 on the adverse consequences of 5G networks development are analyzed by authors. Although the risk-cost-benefit analysis is carried out, which makes it possible to make negative conclusions about the expediency of 5G networks development. The analysis makes us doubt whether the cost of trillions of rubles for 5G networks development in the Russian Federation is justified.



ISSN 1816-0395 (Print)
ISSN 2413-6042 (Online)