A vortex scrubber has been developed to for dust gas cleaning, in which centrifugal particle deposition is combined with inertial particle deposition on droplets of sprayed liquid. To determine the overall efficiency of dust gas stream separation in the vortex scrubber, it is essential to evaluate the effect of particle dispersion on deposition. The aim of the work is to experimentally determine fractionation efficiency processes of separation of solid particles in the vortex scrubber. Sieve and microscopic analysis of the dispersion composition of powders with different dispersions and densities (talc, aluminum oxide, precipitate) which were used as solid impurities in the cleaning of dusted air. The total and fractionation efficiency of gas cleaning in the vortex scrubber are determined according to the operating parameters of the process. It was found that the fractionation efficiency of the separation process increases with the increase of the flow rate of the spraying liquid and the degree of flow rotation.

The results of a study of the structurally sensitive properties of utilized minerals during mechanochemical activation in a disintegrator are presented. Detailed information on the properties of activated mineral additives based on tailings of enrichment and metallurgy is provided. It is shown that the structural transformations of the activated mineral increase the contrast and gradient of their properties. It is proved that the deficiency of the binder component, commercial cements, can be reduced by additives based on recyclable processing tailings, the properties of which are adjusted as a result of, among other things, mechanochemical action in disintegrator activators. It has been established that the components of solid mixtures can be the majority of mining waste, which increases the range of application of environmentally sound ore mining technologies in the mining industry.

The possibility of using ash and slag waste from thermal power plants in our country as an alumina additive in a limestone-nepheline charge has been investigated and criteria were established for the initial ash content in coal deposits – the Al/Si ratio is not lower than 0.30–0.35 and the Al₂O₃ content is above 27 %. The physico-chemical patterns of the formation of the mineral composition of ash and slag waste and its effect on the technological parameters of sintering alumina charge and the quality of the resulting sinter are shown. Based on laboratory and industrial studies, it is recommended to add ash and slag waste from the Novo-Irkutsk thermal power plant to the alumina charge of the Achinsk alumina Combine within 3 % at the current alumina content in nepheline ore (adjusted for off-balance ores).

The results of laboratory and preliminary production tests on selection of the type and concentrations of reagents of different chemical nature for sedimentation of saponite suspension formed as a by-product during the development of the M.V. Lomonosov diamond deposit (Arkhangelsk region). It is shown that different concentrations and combinations of coagulants and flocculants can increase the sedimentation rate of saponite suspension (pulp). Modeling of production tests on the action of reagents in dynamic conditions of sedimentation on a laboratory thickener with the volume of 0.3 m³ was carried out. Optimal combinations of applied precipitating reagents for obtaining clarified recycled water of required quality are established.

The results of research of the process of obtaining impregnated carbon sorbents on the basis of fine fraction of sorbent of trade mark STK-A and modified forest chemical resin as a binder are presented. The conditions for obtaining impregnated active carbon with high sorption characteristics were determined. The influence of preliminary hydrothermodynamic activation of water-coal suspension being the basis of impregnated sorbent was investigated. It was established that the optimal total content of forest chemical resin in the initial mixture is 30 %, and guaiacol (16 % of binder weight) and creosol (2 % of binder weight) are effective as modifying components that enhance both strength and sorption characteristics of the developed impregnated sorbent. It is proved that the obtained impregnated sorbent is comparable in sorption characteristics with the reference coal granular sorbent of AG-3 trademark.

The manuscript proposes a set of engineering solutions, including technologies for pumping oil products from a wrecked tanker, removing water-oil mixture from the surfaces of sand, rocks and water, and cleaning oil-contaminated sand. The solutions are based on the results of an analysis of technologies that have been proposed and partially implemented in the waters of the Black and Azov Seas, as well as the results of tests on washing oil-contaminated sand with surfactant solutions (efficiency – 98 %), biodegradation of hydrocarbons in sands with a low concentration of fuel oil (efficiency – 70 %).

The methodology of estimation of industrial waste turnover model based on the data of official statistics 2-TP (waste) was developed and tested. The balance method, methods of structural visualization, classification and typification of objects, as well as methods of statistical analysis are used as the main approaches and methods of research. It is concluded that the methodology allows to identify the production by priority of waste utilization: “I buy waste”, “I recycle my own waste”, “I sell waste”, as well as to increase the efficiency of using the state statistics data. The materials of the article can be used in the development of environmental monitoring and control programs at different levels of management to coordinate industrial waste flows.

The results of studying the processes of oxidation of vegetable residues (VR) by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulfuric acid depending on the oxidant rate, temperature, duration and mass ratio are presented. The results of the study of phosphogypsum conversion processes by neutralization with 25 % ammonia water to pH = 7.5 in the presence of oxidized VR at ratios phosphogypsum : VR = 1 : (0.2–2) are presented. The preferable ratio of phosphogypsum : VR = 1 : 1.5 with ammonization of the mixture to pH = 7, resulting in a relative content of the aqueous form of SO₃ is 71.10 %. The optimum process parameters were determined, the basic process scheme was developed and the material balance of VR oxidation and phosphogypsum conversion was calculated.

The data on the consumption of fuel and energy resources at power facilities in the eastern regions of Russia are analyzed It was found that in the subjects of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts the most used types of fuel as a percentage of all fuel and energy resources, respectively, are: brown coal (35.5 and 31.2 %), hard coal (31.9 and 23.6 %), natural gas (22.9 and 34.0 %). It was found that the structure of CO₂ emissions fully corresponds to the structure of fuel consumption of power facilities in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation. The carbon intensity of energy production was assessed, which revealed the subjects with the highest values of this indicator: in the Siberian Federal District – Kemerovo Region, Kuzbass and the Republic of Tyva, in the Far Eastern Federal District – Zabaikalsky Krai and Magadan Region. It is noted that the main impact on carbon intensity is made by the type and volume of fuel combusted, as well as energy production technologies.

The possibility of exploitation of the previously developed Taseyevskoye gold ore field was studied. Dewatering of the existing quarry filled with acidic water (pH 2.80–5.14) with concentrations of polluting components (Li, Be, Al, Mn, Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, As, etc.), the maximum values of which are several orders of magnitude higher than environmental standards, which excludes direct discharge of pumped water into the river network, is recommended. It is concluded that it is necessary to pump water into storage tanks with its chemical treatment using specially developed technologies taking into account the composition of polluting components.

Gas-chromatographic analysis was carried out to determine the phenol content in the bottom sediments of the Volga River and other contaminations of the aquatic environment with toxic impurities. The conclusion about unfavorable ecological situation was made. Dependences linking qualitative and quantitative indicators of aquatic environment condition from the year of ecological monitoring are found.