Evaluation of the State of Disposal Polygons of Solid Domestic Waste by the Variation in the Organic Component

Abstract

The results of the investigation into the determination of the stages of the living cycle by the example of waste disposal objects of the Perm krai using the physicochemical methods of analysis are presented. Indicator characteristics for the evaluation of the degree of decomposition and stage of waste biodegradation relative to the age and variation over the disposal depth are presented: pH, BOD5/COD ratio, and organic carbon/ash content. The biodestruction stages of waste with the disposal age of 1–3 years, 2–6 years, more than 10 years, and more than 30 years are determined. It is established that the BOD5/COD ratio at used polygons of solid domestic waste (SDW) and dumps is 0.45–0.54 and more, at reclamated polygons—0.21–23, and at closed polygons—0–0.15. A decrease in COD and BOD5 in the water extract of waste, organic carbon content, and ash content in waste are revealed with an increase in the disposal time and over the depth of waste disposal. Based on the selected indicator characteristics for the evaluation of the stage of the living cycle of SDW disposal polygons, we can predict the emission potential of waste and develop technical measures for a decrease in the negative environmental effect of SDW polygons.