Self-development of Mining Landscapes of the Old Coal Mining District in Tula Region

Abstract

The technology of coal mining presupposes the formation of dumps of overburden and enclosing rocks on the land surface, which in the absence of reclamation under the influence of exogenous processes subsequently migrate to contiguous territories, forming new natural and territorial complexes. In order to analyze the landscape structure of the model territory of one of the oldest coal basins - Podmoskovny brown coal - in the Tula region, studies were carried out in the Kireyevsky and Uzlovsky regions on an area of about 10,000 hectares. A map of the landscape organization of a model territory with a scale of 1: 50,000 has been drawn up and a four-level typification of mining landscapes has been developed. Self-development of landscapes of dumps and waste heaps within the model territory was manifested in the settlement of the least toxic soils and the most placed areas with pioneer vegetation with the appearance of natural products and primitive soils. Planning and phytomelioration of dumps contribute to the formation of simple and complex phytocenoses. On deluvial proluvial foreslopes around dumps and waste heaps, simple single-tiered and two-tier phytocenoses on (toxic) stratozems and technogenically transformed natural soils are common. The vegetation of landscapes of mine subsidence develops along the path of hygromorphous succession.