Improvement of Ecological Characteristics of the Space-Rocket Hardware and Monitoring of Its Environmental Effect on the Surrounding Medium

Abstract

The effect of landing the stages of Proton launch vehicle based on monitoring the investigations in period of 2002–2013 in impact zones of first and second stages as well as ecological consequences of emergences are considered. It is established that a modernized type of the Proton-M launch vehicle substantially weaker affects the ecosystems of impact zones of first stages compared with the Proton-K launch vehicle. A minimal mechanical and pyrogenous effect on ecosystems, chemical pollution of ecosystems by components of the rocket fuel, and their transformation products is mentioned in impact zones of second stages. The largest environmental damage is done in the case of emergences at the initial stage of the flight of the carrier rocket; the character of the effect is determined by the destruction type of the construction.