Buy (625 RUB)
Generate QR code
Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
The Precautionary Principle as a Decision-Making Criterion
https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-1-66-71
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the precautionary principle is carried out in the article. The essence of the "precautionary principle" concept and its main elements are analyzed, the concept of "morally unacceptable harm"is interpreted. A retrospective analysis of the emergence of the "precautionary principle" concept is carried out, the place and role of the precautionary principle in various international treaties is investigated. It is emphasized that scientific uncertainty is not an excuse for inaction when there is convincing evidence of potentially serious damage. The moral and ethical basis of the precautionary principle is noted. The place of the precautionary principle in the theory and practice of decisionmaking is investigated in the article. It is emphasized that the precautionary principle must be applied in conditions of uncertainty, when the boundaries of possible results are unknown and there are no reliable grounds for quantifying probabilities, and the ethical aspects of equality between and within generations are at stake, other decision-making principles cannot satisfactorily solve these problems.
About the Authors
D.E. Kucher
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor
S.G. Kharchenko
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor
References
1. The Precautionary Principle. UNESCO World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST). Paris, UNESCO, 2005. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://unesdoc.unes co.org/images/0013/001395/139578e.pdf. (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
2. Resnik D.B. Is the precautionary principle unscientific? Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 2003 (34) 329—344. DOI: 10.1016/S1369-8486(02)00074-2 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222844415_Is_the_Precautionary_Principle_Unscientific (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
3. BUNDESMINISTERIUM DES INNERN, Dritter Immissionsschutzbericht, 1984, Drucksache Bonn 10/1345. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/10/013/1001354.pdf (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
4. Доклад Конференции ООН по окружающей среде и развитию. Рио-де-Жанейро, 3-14 июня 1992 г. Т. 2. Отчет о работе Конференции. Нью-Йорк, ООН, 1993.
5. Communication from the Commission on the Precautionary Principle. Commission of the European Communities. Brussels, 02.02.2000. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://op.europa.eu/en/pub lication-detail/-/publication/21676661-a79f-4153-b984-aeb28f07c80a/language-en (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
6. Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896-2000, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2001. Environmental issue report no. 22. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency. 211 p. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270901778_EEA_Late_Lessons_from_Early_Warnings_The_Precautionary_Principle_1896-2000 (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
7. Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2013. EEA Report No 1. 750 p. doi: 10.2800/70069 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.unisdr.org/preventionweb/files/30684_latelessonsfromearlywarningsiifullr.pdf (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
8. Харченко С.Г., Дорохина Е.Ю. Системный анализ как наилучший путь к экологической безопасности. Экология и промышленность России. 2017. Т. 21. № 1. С. 42—49. DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2017-1-42-49.
9. Elishakoff I. Safety Factors and Reliability: Friends or Foes? Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2004. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2131-2.
10. Read R., O’Riordan T. The precautionary principle under fire. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development. 2017. 59:5. 4-15. DOI: 10.1080/00139157.2017.1350005.
11. Bourguignon D. The precautionary principle. Definitions, applications and governance. IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS. EPRS, European Parliamentary Research Service. December 2015. 28 p. PE 573.876. EN doi:10.2861/821468 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2015/573876/EPRS_IDA(2015)573876_EN.pdf (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
12. Богова А.В., Ильина Н.И., Лусс Л.В. Тенденции в изучении эпидемиологии аллергических заболеваний в России за последние 10 лет. Российский аллергологический журнал. 2008. №6. С. 3—14.
13. Бурлакова Е.Б. Особенности действия сверхмалых доз биологически активных веществ и физических факторов низкой интенсивности. Российский химический журнал. 1999. Т. 28. №5. С. 3—11.
14. Kaiser M., Goldson S., Buklijas T., Gluckman P., Allen K., Bardsley A., Lam M.E. Towards Post-Pandemic Sustainable and Ethical Food Systems. Food Ethics (2021) 6:4. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https:// doi.org/10.1007/s41055-020-00084-3 (дата обращения 20.09.2021).
Review
For citations:
Kucher D., Kharchenko S. The Precautionary Principle as a Decision-Making Criterion. Ecology and Industry of Russia. 2022;26(1):66-71. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-1-66-71
Views:
438
Email this article 