In the Russian Federation there are two types of launch vehicles more frequently used – “Soyuz” (medium capacity class) and “Proton” (heavy-duty class). Impact of launch vehicles on the environment appears both on terrestrial ecosystems (in the areas of the fall of the separating parts of launch vehicles), and different layers of the atmosphere on the route of heir launching. The greatest impact is observed in the areas of the fall of areas of the fall of the first stage launcher, which is manifested in varying degree of mechanical damage, pyrogenic and thermal transformation, chemical contamination of ecosystems. Comparative analysis of influence of launch vehicles’ launching in the areas of the fall of the second stage launcher did not is reveal specific features of impact of different types of launch vehicles The basic environmental issue in these areas is contaminations of contamination by fragment of fallen stages.