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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ekip</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экология и промышленность России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ecology and Industry of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-0395</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-6042</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО "Калвис"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18412/1816-0395-2026-6-34-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ekip-3218</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Получение гранулированного аэробного ила в условиях низких концентраций органических веществ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of Granular Aerobic Sludge under Low Organic Matter Concentrations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакаян</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakayan</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">podpiska@kalvis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, начальник лаборатории</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctls@kalvis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каленов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalenov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctls@kalvis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctls@kalvis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харламова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharlamova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctls@kalvis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луканин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukanin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, советник генерального директора</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Advisor to the General Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ctls@kalvis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский химико-технологический университет им. Д.И. Менделеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО "Газпром ВНИИГАЗ"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экологии. Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Ecology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО "ГИПРОБИОСИНТЕЗ"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GIPROBIOSINTEZ LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ООО "Калвис", 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Калвис"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ООО "Калвис"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/article/view/3218">https://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/article/view/3218</self-uri><abstract><p>Проанализированы технологические параметры, выступающие факторами селекции гранулированного аэробного ила (ГАИ) в реакторах периодического типа действия и проточных системах при различных концентрациях ХПК в сточных водах. Рассмотрены ключевые аспекты гранулообразования: периодичность условий по наличию субстрата, гидродинамические условия в биореакторе очистки, направленная гравитационная селекция биомассы. Показано, что количественный и качественный состав внеклеточных полимерных веществ (ВПВ) является индикатором устойчивости и стабильности гранул. Отмечены важные факторы для технологии — наличие гранулообразующих субстратов и степень их превращения во ВПВ. Обобщены последние достижения в области применения ГАИ в проточных реакторах и выделены основные барьеры, препятствующие их промышленному внедрению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Technological parameters acting as selection factors of granular aerobic sludge in sequencing batch and continuous-flow reactors at different COD concentrations were analyzed. Key aspects of granulation are considered: substrate availability periodicity, hydrodynamic conditions in the treatment bioreactor, and directed gravitational selection of biomass. It is shown that the quantitative and qualitative composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) serves as an indicator of granule stability and robustness. Important factors for the technology are identified: the presence of granule-forming substrates and the degree of their conversion into extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Recent advances in the application of granular aerobic sludge in continuous-flow reactors are summarized, and the main barriers hindering their industrial implementation are identified.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гранулированный аэробный ил</kwd><kwd>факторы селекции</kwd><kwd>гранулообразование</kwd><kwd>низкие концентрации органических веществ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>granular aerobic sludge</kwd><kwd>selection factors</kwd><kwd>granulation</kwd><kwd>low organic concentrations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pronk M., De Kreuk M.K., De Bruin et al. Full scale performance of the aerobic granular sludge process for sewage treatment. Water research. 2015. Vol. 84. С. 207—217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pronk M., De Kreuk M.K., De Bruin et al. 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