ekipЭкология и промышленность РоссииEcology and Industry of Russia1816-03952413-6042ООО "Калвис"10.18412/1816-0395-2026-5-44-52ekip-3193Research ArticleАНАЛИЗ. МЕТОДИКИ. ПРОГНОЗЫANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSISЗола уноса в бетоне: механизмы взаимодействия и продукты реакций. Часть II. Основные золыFly Ash in Concrete: Interaction Mechanisms and Reaction Products. Part II. Basic AshesКулумбеговР. В.KulumbegovR. V.

канд. хим. наук, ст. инженер

Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Engineer

podpiska@kalvis.ruДелицынЛ. М.DelitsynL. M.

д-р г.-м. наук, гл. науч. сотрудник

Dr. Sci. (Geol.-Mineral.), Chief Research Fellow

ctls@kalvis.ruПопельО. С.PopelO. S.

д-р техн. наук, гл. науч. сотрудник

Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Research Fellow

ctls@kalvis.ruСульманМ. Г.SulmanM. G.

д-р хим. наук, проректор по научной и инновационной деятельности

Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation

ctls@kalvis.ruГаджиевШ. А.GadzhievSh. A.

ген. директор

General Director

ctls@kalvis.ruПетропавловскаяВ. Б.PetropavlovskayaV. B.

д-р техн. наук, профессор

Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor

ctls@kalvis.ruОбъединенный институт высоких температур РАНРоссияJoint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationТверской государственный технический университетРоссияTver State Technical UniversityRussian FederationООО "ПРОМЭКОИНЖИНИРИНГ"РоссияPROMECOENGINEERING LLCRussian Federation2026020620263054452Copyright © ООО "Калвис", 20262026ООО "Калвис"ООО "Калвис"https://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/article/view/3193

Проведён аналитический обзор исследований, посвящённых физико-химическим процессам, протекающим при взаимодействии высококальциевых зол с потрландцементом. Рассмотрены основные фазы, образующиеся в результате гидравлической и пуццолановой реакций основных зол. Подчеркнуты положительные и отрицательные стороны использования основных зол в производстве бетона. Показано, что ключевыми факторами управления свойствами являются контроль химического и фазового состава золы, её дозировка и использование методов активации (механической, химической, биологической). Сделан вывод о том, что щелочная активация и биоактивация микроорганизмами эффективны для ускорения пуццолановых реакций и повышения конечной прочности и долговечности бетона.

An analytical review of studies devoted to physicochemical processes occurring during the interaction of high-calcium ashes with Portland cement was carried out. The main phases formed as a result of hydraulic and pozzolanic reactions of basic ashes are considered. Positive and negative aspects of using basic ashes in concrete production are highlighted. It is shown that key factors controlling properties include the chemical and phase composition of ash, its dosage, and the use of activation methods (mechanical, chemical, biological). It is concluded that alkaline activation and bioactivation by microorganisms are effective for accelerating pozzolanic reactions and improving the final strength and durability of concrete.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.