ekipЭкология и промышленность РоссииEcology and Industry of Russia1816-03952413-6042ООО "Калвис"10.18412/1816-0395-2025-12-46-53ekip-3080Research ArticleАНАЛИЗ. МЕТОДИКИ. ПРОГНОЗЫANALYSIS. METHODS. PROGNOSISУтилизация этиленгликоля: основные окислительные подходы к переработке сточных водUtilization of Ethylene Glycol: Basic Oxidative Approaches to Wastewater TreatmentМищенкоТ. И.MishchenkoT. I.

инженер

Engineer

podpiska@kalvis.ruФазлиевТ. Р.FazlievT. R.

мл. науч. сотрудник

Junior Research Fellow

ctls@kalvis.ruГрибовЕ. Н.GribovE. N.

канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник

Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Research Fellow

ctls@kalvis.ruПриданниковМ. Д.PridannikovM. D.

инженер

Engineer

ctls@kalvis.ruЛюлюкинМ. Н.LyulyukinM. N.

канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник

Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Research.Fellow

ctls@kalvis.ruГромовН. В.GromovN. V.

канд. хим. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник

Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Leading Research Fellow

ctls@kalvis.ruТаранО. П.TaranO. P.

д-р. хим. наук, зав. лабораторией

Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Head of Laboratory

ctls@kalvis.ruПершинА. А.PershinA. A.

канд. техн. наук, директор

Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Director

ctls@kalvis.ruЯхваровД. Г.YakhvarovD. G.

д-р. хим. наук, гл. науч. сотрудник

Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Chief Researcher

ctls@kalvis.ruСелищевД. С.SelishchevD. S.

канд. хим. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник

Cand. Sci. (Chemi), Leading Research Fellow

ctls@kalvis.ruКозловД. В.KozlovD. V.

д-р хим. наук, зав. отделом

Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Head of Department

ctls@kalvis.ruСиняшинО. Г.SinyashinO. G.

академик РАН, д-р. хим. наук, науч. руководитель

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Scientific Director

ctls@kalvis.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр "Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова" Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИК СО РАН)РоссияFederal Research Center Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC SB RAS)Russian FederationИнститут химии и химических технологий Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, SB RASRussian FederationООО "Завод Аэролайф"РоссияLLC Airlife PlantRussian FederationИнститут органической и физической химии им. А.Е. Арбузова – обособленное структурное подразделение ФГБУН "Федеральный исследовательский центр "Казанский научный центр РАН" (ИОФХ им. А.Е. Арбузова)РоссияA.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, a separate structural unit of the Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences"Russian Federation20251512202529124653Copyright © ООО "Калвис", 20252025ООО "Калвис"ООО "Калвис"https://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ecology-kalvis.ru/jour/article/view/3080

Отмечено растущее потребление противообледенительных жидкостей в авиации и, как результат, увеличение объемов сточных вод, содержащих этиленгликоль (ЭГ) и требующих очистки, так как ЭГ способствует снижению концентрации растворенного кислорода и уменьшению биологического разнообразия в водоемах. Рассмотрены традиционные технологии очитски сточных вод, такие как биологическая или адсорбционная, которые оказываются не всегда эффективными решениями поставленной задачи. Рекомендованы передовые окислительные методы (ПОМ), основанные на использовании высокореакционноспособных частиц – радикалов. Сделан вывод о том, что процессы, включающие ПОМ, могут быть использованы при удалении широкого круга органических примесей из водных растворов, в том числе для деструкции этиленгликоля в воде.

An increase in the consumption of de-icing fluids in aviation was noted, leading to a rise in the volume of wastewater containing ethylene glycol (EG) that requires treatment, as EG reduces dissolved oxygen concentration and decreases biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies, such as biological and adsorption methods, are considered; however, these are not always efficient in addressing the issue. Advanced oxidation methods (AOM) based on the use of highly reactive particles – radicals – are recommended. It is concluded that AOM-based processes can be effectively employed for the removal of a wide range of organic contaminants from aqueous solutions, including the destruction of ethylene glycol in water.

передовые окислительные методыочистка сточных водэтиленгликольпропиленгликольпротивооблединительная жидкостьadvanced oxidation methodswastewater treatmentethylene glycolpropylene glycolde-icing fluidРабота поддержана грантом Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ на проведение крупных научных проектов по приоритетным направлениям научно-технологического развития (проект № 075-15-2024-646).This research was funded by the grant of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for large scientific projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Nr. 075-15-2024-646).ReferencesКачество поверхностных вод Российской Федерации.: ежегодник. Федер. служба России по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды, Гидрохим. ин-т. Под ред. М.М. Трофимчука. Ростов-на-Дону, 2023. 613 с.Качество поверхностных вод Российской Федерации.: ежегодник. Федер. служба России по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды, Гидрохим. ин-т. Под ред. М.М. Трофимчука. Ростов-на-Дону, 2023. 613 с.Известия. 19.06.2024 г. https://iz.ru/1714386/sergei-gurianov/stochnyidiagnoz-do-90-ochistnykh-sooruzhenii-v-strane-iznosheny.Известия. 19.06.2024 г. https://iz.ru/1714386/sergei-gurianov/stochnyidiagnoz-do-90-ochistnykh-sooruzhenii-v-strane-iznosheny.Shi X., Quilty S.M., Long T., Jayakaran A., Fay L., Xu G. Managing Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers: Challenges and Opportunities. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering. 2017. V. 11. P. 35—46.Shi X., Quilty S.M., Long T., Jayakaran A., Fay L., Xu G. Managing Airport Stormwater Containing Deicers: Challenges and Opportunities. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering. 2017. V. 11. P. 35—46.Leth P., Gregersen M. Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Science International. 2005. V. 155. P. 179—184.Leth P., Gregersen M. Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Science International. 2005. V. 155. P. 179—184.Qi K., Li Z., Zhang C., Tan X., Wan C., Liua X., Wang L., LeeD.-J. Biodegradation of real industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol by using aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor: performance and resistance mechanism. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 2020. V. 161. Article 107711.Qi K., Li Z., Zhang C., Tan X., Wan C., Liua X., Wang L., LeeD.-J. Biodegradation of real industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol by using aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor: performance and resistance mechanism. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 2020. V. 161. Article 107711.Mukherjee J., Lodh B.K., Sharma R., Mahata N., Shah M.P., Mandal S., Ghanta S., Bhunia B. Advanced Oxidation Process for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater: A Review on Strategies, Mechanisms, Bottlenecks and Prospects. Chemosphere. 2023. V. 345. Article 140473.Mukherjee J., Lodh B.K., Sharma R., Mahata N., Shah M.P., Mandal S., Ghanta S., Bhunia B. Advanced Oxidation Process for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater: A Review on Strategies, Mechanisms, Bottlenecks and Prospects. Chemosphere. 2023. V. 345. Article 140473.Fazliev T., Lyulyukin M., Kozlov D., Selishchev D. Kinetic Aspects of Ethylene Glycol Degradation using UV-C Activated Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2/UV-C). Molecules. 2025. V. 30. Article 49.Fazliev T., Lyulyukin M., Kozlov D., Selishchev D. Kinetic Aspects of Ethylene Glycol Degradation using UV-C Activated Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2/UV-C). Molecules. 2025. V. 30. Article 49.Гончарова Е.Н., Новикова А.М. Биологическая очистка сточных вод с помощью водорослей. Наукоемкие технол. инновац. 2016. Т. 6. С. 24—28.Гончарова Е.Н., Новикова А.М. Биологическая очистка сточных вод с помощью водорослей. Наукоемкие технол. инновац. 2016. Т. 6. С. 24—28.Simonsen M.E., Muff J., Bennedsen L.R., Kowalski K.P., Sшgaard E.G. Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies. J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem. 2010. V. 216. N. 2—3. P. 244—249.Simonsen M.E., Muff J., Bennedsen L.R., Kowalski K.P., Sшgaard E.G. Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies. J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem. 2010. V. 216. N. 2—3. P. 244—249.Miklos D.B., Remy C., Jekel M., Linden K.G., Drewes J.E., Hübner U. Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment. A critical review. Water Research. 2018. V. 139. P. 118—131.Miklos D.B., Remy C., Jekel M., Linden K.G., Drewes J.E., Hübner U. Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment. A critical review. Water Research. 2018. V. 139. P. 118—131.Shehata N., Egirani D., Olabic A.G., Inayatc A., Abdelkareemc M.A., Chaef K.-J., Sayed E.T. Membrane-based water and wastewater treatment technologies: Issues, current trends, challenges, and role in achieving sustainable development goals, and circular economy. Chemosphere. 2023. V. 320. Article 137993.Shehata N., Egirani D., Olabic A.G., Inayatc A., Abdelkareemc M.A., Chaef K.-J., Sayed E.T. Membrane-based water and wastewater treatment technologies: Issues, current trends, challenges, and role in achieving sustainable development goals, and circular economy. Chemosphere. 2023. V. 320. Article 137993.Clematis D., Delucchi M., Panizza M. Electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment at pilot plant scale. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry. 2023. V. 37. P. 101172.Clematis D., Delucchi M., Panizza M. Electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment at pilot plant scale. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry. 2023. V. 37. P. 101172.Tregubova K.V., Mishchenko T.I., Gurovskii V.V., Yatsenko D.A., Gromov N.V. Utilization of Methylene Blue by Liquid-Phase Peroxide Oxidation in the Presence of Catalysts Based on Transition Metal Oxides and Cellulose. Russian Journal Applied Chemistry. 2023. V. 96. N. 5. P. 552—561.Tregubova K.V., Mishchenko T.I., Gurovskii V.V., Yatsenko D.A., Gromov N.V. Utilization of Methylene Blue by Liquid-Phase Peroxide Oxidation in the Presence of Catalysts Based on Transition Metal Oxides and Cellulose. Russian Journal Applied Chemistry. 2023. V. 96. N. 5. P. 552—561.Perebeinos A.A., Mishchenko T.I., Gurovskii V.V., Medvedeva T.B., Yatsenko D.A., Gromov N.V. Liquid Phase Peroxide Oxidation of Phenol in the Presence of Catalysts Based on Mixed Oxides of Transition Metals and Cellulose. Russian Journal Applied Chemistry. 2024. V. 97. №. 5. P. 486—499.Perebeinos A.A., Mishchenko T.I., Gurovskii V.V., Medvedeva T.B., Yatsenko D.A., Gromov N.V. Liquid Phase Peroxide Oxidation of Phenol in the Presence of Catalysts Based on Mixed Oxides of Transition Metals and Cellulose. Russian Journal Applied Chemistry. 2024. V. 97. №. 5. P. 486—499.Lyulyukin M., Kovalevskiy N., Bukhtiyarov A., Kozlov D., Selishchev D. Kinetic Aspects of Benzene Degradation over TiO2 N and Composite Fe/Bi2WO6/TiO2-N Photocatalysts under Irradiation with Visible Light. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023. V. 24. Article 5693.Lyulyukin M., Kovalevskiy N., Bukhtiyarov A., Kozlov D., Selishchev D. Kinetic Aspects of Benzene Degradation over TiO2 N and Composite Fe/Bi2WO6/TiO2-N Photocatalysts under Irradiation with Visible Light. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023. V. 24. Article 5693.Bokare A.D., Choi W. Review of Iron-Free Fenton-like Systems for Activating H2O2 in Advanced Oxidation Processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2014. V. 275. P. 121—135.Bokare A.D., Choi W. Review of Iron-Free Fenton-like Systems for Activating H2O2 in Advanced Oxidation Processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2014. V. 275. P. 121—135.Fang J., Fu Y., Shang C. The roles of reactive species in micropollutant degradation in the UV/free chlorine system. Environmental Science Technology. 2014. V. 48. N. 3. P. 185—1868.Fang J., Fu Y., Shang C. The roles of reactive species in micropollutant degradation in the UV/free chlorine system. Environmental Science Technology. 2014. V. 48. N. 3. P. 185—1868.Rahim Pouran S., Abdul Raman A.A., Wan Daud W.M.A. Review on the application of modified iron oxides as heterogeneous catalysts in Fenton reactions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014. V. 64. P. 24—35.Rahim Pouran S., Abdul Raman A.A., Wan Daud W.M.A. Review on the application of modified iron oxides as heterogeneous catalysts in Fenton reactions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014. V. 64. P. 24—35.Chaplin B.P. Critical review of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts. 2014. V. 16. Iss. 6. P. 1182—1203.Chaplin B.P. Critical review of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts. 2014. V. 16. Iss. 6. P. 1182—1203.Rahim Pouran S., Abdul Aziz A.R., Wan Daud W.M.A. Review on the main advances in photo-Fenton oxidation system for recalcitrant wastewaters. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2015. V. 21. P. 53—69.Rahim Pouran S., Abdul Aziz A.R., Wan Daud W.M.A. Review on the main advances in photo-Fenton oxidation system for recalcitrant wastewaters. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2015. V. 21. P. 53—69.Wang W.-L., Wu Q.-Y., Huang N., Wang T., Hu H.-Y. Synergistic effect between UV and chlorine (UV/chlorine) on the degradation of carbamazepine: influence factors and radical species. Water Research. 2016. V. 98. P. 190—198.Wang W.-L., Wu Q.-Y., Huang N., Wang T., Hu H.-Y. Synergistic effect between UV and chlorine (UV/chlorine) on the degradation of carbamazepine: influence factors and radical species. Water Research. 2016. V. 98. P. 190—198.Ike I.A., Linden K.G., Orbell J.D., Duke M. Critical review of the science and sustainability of persulphate advanced oxidation processes. Chemical Engtneering Journal. 2018. V. 338. P. 651—669.Ike I.A., Linden K.G., Orbell J.D., Duke M. Critical review of the science and sustainability of persulphate advanced oxidation processes. Chemical Engtneering Journal. 2018. V. 338. P. 651—669.Mahamuni N.N., Adewuyi Y.G. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involving ultrasound for waste water treatment: a review with emphasis on cost estimation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2010. V. 17. №. 6. P. 990—1003.Mahamuni N.N., Adewuyi Y.G. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involving ultrasound for waste water treatment: a review with emphasis on cost estimation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2010. V. 17. №. 6. P. 990—1003.Гусаченко Е.А., Люлюкин М.Н., Козлов Д.В. Влияние плазмы коронного разряда и озона на скорость фотокаталитического окисления паров ацетона и бензола. Катализвпромышленности. 2019. Т. 19. № 5. С. 391—398.Гусаченко Е.А., Люлюкин М.Н., Козлов Д.В. Влияние плазмы коронного разряда и озона на скорость фотокаталитического окисления паров ацетона и бензола. Катализвпромышленности. 2019. Т. 19. № 5. С. 391—398.Jing L., Chen B., Wen D., Zheng J., Zhang B. Pilot-scale treatment of atrazine production wastewater by UV/O3/ultrasound: Factor effects and system optimization. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017. V. 203. P. 182—190.Jing L., Chen B., Wen D., Zheng J., Zhang B. Pilot-scale treatment of atrazine production wastewater by UV/O3/ultrasound: Factor effects and system optimization. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017. V. 203. P. 182—190.Korpe S., Rao P.V. Application of advanced oxidation processes and cavitation techniques for treatment of tannery wastewater-A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021. V. 9. Article 105234.Korpe S., Rao P.V. Application of advanced oxidation processes and cavitation techniques for treatment of tannery wastewater-A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021. V. 9. Article 105234.Priyadarshini M., Ahmad A., Ghangrekar M.M. Efficacious degradation of ethylene glycol in baffled ozonation reactor in the presence of waste-derived MIL- 53(Al/Fe)-metal-organic framework derived Al2O3/Fe3O4. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2023. V. 11. Article 110754.Priyadarshini M., Ahmad A., Ghangrekar M.M. Efficacious degradation of ethylene glycol in baffled ozonation reactor in the presence of waste-derived MIL- 53(Al/Fe)-metal-organic framework derived Al2O3/Fe3O4. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2023. V. 11. Article 110754.Simonsen M.E., Muff J., Bennedsen L.R., Kowalski K.P., Sшgaard E.G. Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies. J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem. 2010. V. 216. №. 2—3. P. 244—249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.07.008.Simonsen M.E., Muff J., Bennedsen L.R., Kowalski K.P., Sшgaard E.G. Photocatalytic bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline and a comparison to the performance of other AOP technologies. J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem. 2010. V. 216. №. 2—3. P. 244—249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.07.008.Chaplin B.P. Critical review of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts. 2014. V. 16. I. 6. P. 1182—1203. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00679d.Chaplin B.P. Critical review of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for water treatment applications. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts. 2014. V. 16. I. 6. P. 1182—1203. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00679d.Cho E., Lee S.Y., Choi J.-W., Kim S.-H., Jung K.-W. Direct upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles into α-Fe2O3 incorporated MIL-53 (Al) for the synthesis of Al2O3/Fe3O4-encapsulated magnetic carbon composite and efficient removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Separation and Purification Technology. 2021. V. 279. Article 119719.Cho E., Lee S.Y., Choi J.-W., Kim S.-H., Jung K.-W. Direct upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles into α-Fe2O3 incorporated MIL-53 (Al) for the synthesis of Al2O3/Fe3O4-encapsulated magnetic carbon composite and efficient removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Separation and Purification Technology. 2021. V. 279. Article 119719.Wang H.-Y., Hu Y.-N., Cao G.-P., Yuan W.-K. Degradation of propylene glycol wastewater by Fenton's reagent in a semi-continuous reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011. V. 170. I. 1. P. 75—81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.030.Wang H.-Y., Hu Y.-N., Cao G.-P., Yuan W.-K. Degradation of propylene glycol wastewater by Fenton's reagent in a semi-continuous reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011. V. 170. I. 1. P. 75—81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.030.Mukherjee J., Lodh B.K., Sharma R., Mahata N., Shah M.P., Mandal S., Bhunia B. Advanced oxidation process for the treatment of industrial wastewater: A review on strategies, mechanisms, bottlenecks and prospects. Chemosphere. 2023. V. 345. Article140473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2023.140473.Mukherjee J., Lodh B.K., Sharma R., Mahata N., Shah M.P., Mandal S., Bhunia B. Advanced oxidation process for the treatment of industrial wastewater: A review on strategies, mechanisms, bottlenecks and prospects. Chemosphere. 2023. V. 345. Article140473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2023.140473.Tachikawa T., Takai Y., Tojo S., Fujitsuka M., Irie H., Hashimoto K., Majima T. Visible light-induced degradation of ethylene glycol on nitrogen-doped TiO2 Powders. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2006. V. 110. P. 13158—13165. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0620217.Tachikawa T., Takai Y., Tojo S., Fujitsuka M., Irie H., Hashimoto K., Majima T. Visible light-induced degradation of ethylene glycol on nitrogen-doped TiO2 Powders. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2006. V. 110. P. 13158—13165. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0620217.Schnaidt J., Heinen M., Jusys Z., Behm R.J. Mechanistic aspects of the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol on a Pt-film electrode: a combined in situ IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry study of kinetic isotope effects. Catalysis Today. 2013. V. 202. P. 154—162.Schnaidt J., Heinen M., Jusys Z., Behm R.J. Mechanistic aspects of the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol on a Pt-film electrode: a combined in situ IR spectroscopy and online mass spectrometry study of kinetic isotope effects. Catalysis Today. 2013. V. 202. P. 154—162.Chauhan N.L., Dameera, V., Chowdhury A., Juvekar V.A., Sarkar A. Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol in a Channel Flow Reactor. Catalysis Today. 2018. V. 309. P. 126—132.Chauhan N.L., Dameera, V., Chowdhury A., Juvekar V.A., Sarkar A. Electrochemical Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol in a Channel Flow Reactor. Catalysis Today. 2018. V. 309. P. 126—132.Mello G.A.B., Fernandes P.H.B., Janete de Giz M., Camara G.A. Ethylene Glycol Electro-Oxidation on Platinum-Free Surfaces: How the Composition of PdRuRh Surfaces Influences the Catalysis. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2017. V. 28. N. 6. P. 1123—1131.Mello G.A.B., Fernandes P.H.B., Janete de Giz M., Camara G.A. Ethylene Glycol Electro-Oxidation on Platinum-Free Surfaces: How the Composition of PdRuRh Surfaces Influences the Catalysis. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2017. V. 28. N. 6. P. 1123—1131.McGinnis B.D., Adams V.D., Middlebrooks E.J. Degradation of Ethylene Glycol Using Fentons Reagent and UV. Chemosphere. 2001. V. 45. P. 101—108.McGinnis B.D., Adams V.D., Middlebrooks E.J. Degradation of Ethylene Glycol Using Fentons Reagent and UV. Chemosphere. 2001. V. 45. P. 101—108.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.